Describing and Classifying Matter
What is matter?
Anything that has mass and takes up space.
What unit is commonly used to measure mass?
Grams (g).
What happens to the particles in matter during a physical change?
The particles rearrange but do not change their chemical composition.
What are the three main states of matter?
Solid, Liquid & Gas
What is melting?
The change from solid to liquid.
Name two properties that can be used to classify matter.
Physical properties and chemical properties.
How do you measure the volume of a liquid?
Using a graduated cylinder.
Give an example of a physical change.
Examples include: Melting Ice, breaking a glass, etc.
Describe the arrangement of particles in a solid.
Particles are tightly packed and vibrate in place.
What is evaporation?
The process of a liquid turning into a gas.
What is the difference between a mixture and a pure substance?
A mixture contains two or more substances that are not chemically combined, while a pure substance has a uniform composition.
What instrument is used to measure mass?
A balance scale.
What is a reversible change?
A change that can be undone, like freezing and melting water.
What state of matter has a definite volume but no definite shape?
Liquid
What occurs during freezing?
A liquid changes into a solid.
What are the differences between elements, compounds, and mixtures?
Elements are pure substances made of only one type of atom, compounds are substances formed when two or more elements chemically combine, and mixtures are combinations of two or more substances that maintain their individual properties
How can you find the volume of a rectangular prism?
Volume = Length x Width x Height
How does temperature affect the state of matter?
Increasing temperature can cause solids to melt into liquids or liquids to evaporate into gases or the higher the temperature the faster the particles move, causing matter to change states.
What characterizes a liquid in terms of particle arrangement and movement?
In a liquid, particles are closely packed but not in fixed positions, allowing them to slide past one another, which gives liquids a definite volume but no definite shape.
What is condensation?
The process of a gas turning into a liquid.
Define the term "density." How is it calculated?
Density is the mass of an object divided by its volume (Density = Mass/Volume).
Explain how you would find the density of an object.
Measure its mass and volume, then use the formula Density = Mass/Volume.
What is an example of an irreversible change?
Examples include burning wood, rust, etc.
How can you change a gas into a liquid?
By cooling the gas, causing condensation.
Describe sublimation.
The process where a solid changes directly into a gas without becoming a liquid.