Vocabulary
This is the exchange of goods and services by sale or barter. It is driven by the need for resources and the amount of resources the trader has.
What is trade?
This member of the social pyramid was at the top of the pyramid. They had the most power, organized labor, maintained the ziggurats, and made laws for the people. They are in the smallest, but most powerful class on the pyramid.
What is a king?
This area, located in the Fertile Crescent in the Middle East, is a collection of city-states that are each controlled by different rulers. The name of this place means "the land between the rivers."
What is Mesopotamia?
These are the major Egyptian cities that developed along the Nile River. (3 answers)
What is Thebes, Memphis, and Giza?
This is the most important geographic feature in Egypt. It played a major role in the development of their civilization.
What is the Nile River?
While this was Kush's best trade relationship due to proximity, this was also their most frequent enemy. Kush would eventually take over this nation for 300 years.
What is Egypt?
This is the other name for the kingdom of Kush. This name means "The Land of the Bow."
What is Nubia?
This is an ancient religious structure that resembles a pyramid. Most of them were built between 2000-500 BCE throughout Mesopotamia.
What is a ziggurat?
This was how the people of Mesopotamia (specifically Babylon) kept track of the days and months of the year. This was lunar and followed the cycle of the moon instead of the sun.
What is a calendar?
These are the 3 major cities of Mesopotamia, specifically in the ancient empire of Sumer. (3 answers)
What were Eridu, Ur, and Uruk?
This innovation allowed an understanding of mathematic concepts and operations like addition. It allowed ancient Egyptians to understand the basics of geometry, survey farmland, and helped with building construction.
What is math?
These are the two main uses for the Nile river. (2 answers)
What is irrigation and travel?
This is the most important Phoenician innovation that we still use to this day. The Greeks added to this innovation in 700 BCE.
What is the alphabet?
This is the geographic feature Phoenicia relied the most on. This feature made it so they were able to avoid the mountainous areas of ancient Phoenicia and led them to build primarily port cities.
What is the ocean/Mediterranean Sea?
This is the name for the ruler of ancient Egypt. They were considered a representative and servant of the gods and were believed to be the communicator between gods and humans.
What is a pharaoh?
This empire of Mesopotamia was famous for their king Gilgamesh, who is the main character of the earliest known written story, The Epic of Gilgamesh.
What is Akkadia / Akkadian Empire?
This is a natural event that acted as a resource for the people of Mesopotamia. There were two of these per year, one in spring and one in winter, which helped make the soil wet and deposited silt to keep the soil fertile.
What is a flood?
This is the names of the eras of Egyptian thriving. The first saw Egyptians start using art to illustrate their ideas and afterlife and building the Great Pyramids of Giza, the second saw the reunification of Upper and Lower Egypt and established the capital as Thebes, and the third saw some of Egypt's greatest pharaohs and expanded Egyptian territory. (3 answers)
What is the Old Kingdom, Middle Kingdom, and New Kingdom.
These are the main crops grown around the Nile River. (5 answers)
What is wheat, barley, flax, vegetables, and papyrus?
These are the Egyptian customs and technologies the Nubians adopted due to their trade relationship. (4 answers)
What is Egyptian standard of weighing, hieroglyphics, religion, and fashion?
The are the two most important Kush cities. The first was their capital city in their most powerful era, and the second was their busiest trading center along the Red Sea. (2 answers)
What is Napata and Meroe?
This is a form of economy where the government controls the means of production such as land, labor, and machinery. It allows government officials to make economic decisions such as what goods are produced, how they are produced, and for who.
What is a command economy?
These are the four metals the people of Mesopotamia learned how to use. They would use these metals to help upgrade their tools. (4 answers)
What is iron, copper, tin, and gold?
This is the form of economy the people of Mesopotamia practiced, which had people rely on tradition and custom to decide what, how, and who to produce for.
What is a tradition-oriented economy?
This ancient Egyptian innovation allowed for doctors to exist. Egyptians had specialized surgeons for eyes, stomach, and teeth and doctors to preserve mummies.
What is medicine?
These are the Nile flooding seasons.
What is Akhet (mid June-mid October)(flooded), Peret (mid October-mid February)(water recedes), and Shomu (mid February-mid June)(dry)?
These were the main goods sold by the Phoenicians. (6 answers)
What is cedar wood, metal goods, pottery, glass, animal skins, and cloth?
These were the two major city-states in ancient Phoenicia. The first city-state was known as the "mother" city and is one of their earliest colonies, known for its metalwork and glass. The second city-state was the most influential Phoenician city-state and used its island cities to protect the mainland city. (2 answers)
What is Sidon and Tyre?
This is the belief in many gods. The different ancient civilizations including Mesopotamia, Egypt, Kush, and Phoenicia followed this kind of religion.
What is polytheism?
These are the few rights women were allowed to have in Mesopotamian society. (3 answers)
What are being able to own property, can leave their husband on their own, and noble women could learn to read and write?
These are the mountains that work with the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers in Mesopotamia. These mountains act as natural irrigation that helped during dry spells in the area. (2 answers)
What is Taurus and Zagros Mountains?
These groups make up the third and fourth level of the Egyptian social pyramid. The first group were very well trained and fought in wars. The second group acted as the government record keepers, recording court cases, calculating taxes, writing letters between government officials, and keeping history. They wrote in hieroglyphics. (2 answers)
What is soldiers and scribes?
These are the four geographic regions of Egypt. (4 answers)
What is the Nile and its delta, Western Desert, Eastern Desert, and the Sanai Peninsula?
This is the name of the Nubian king who conquered Egypt and created the only Kush dynasty in Egypt. They fell in 664 BCE to the Assyrians.
Who is king Piye?
These were the two main rivers used by the Kush people to get drinking water and irrigation for farming. (2 answers)
This is a way of illustrating the social organization of a particular society. People with the most wealth are at the top, while people with the least are at the bottom.
What is the social pyramid?
This story based on one of the Akkadian kings taught historians a few lessons such as the role gods and goddesses played in the people's lives, how strong the ruler in the story was, and how the people saw anything beyond their cities as dangerous or monstrous.
What is The Epic of Gilgamesh?
These are the natural resources Mesopotamians used to build small boats known as guffas. These boats were very fragile, so they weren't suitable for travel over the Mediterranean Sea. (3 answers)
What is reed, canvas, and natural tar?
This is a form of art used by Egyptians daily. It was used to keep the sun out of their eyes and was mainly made by women, but used by everyone.
What is kohl?
This is the earliest form of Egyptian irrigation. They dug large basins to guide the water into that allowed them to keep the silt in them for up to six weeks.
What is basin irrigation?
These are the four cultures that likely impacted ancient Phoenician art and architecture. Archeologists know this because it was left behind. (4 answers)
What is Egypt, Mesopotamia, Greece, and Rome?
These are the powers likely responsible for the fall of Phoenicia following their 300 years period of thriving. (2 answers)
What is Greece and Rome?