Biochemistry
What is Biochemistry?
The chemistry of life
What is the use of Calcium Phosphate and Hydrochloric Acid in the Human body?
Calcium Phosphate- Gives strength to bones
Hydrochloric Acid- Breaks down food in the stomach
At what level of organization does life begin?
A cell
What do the lysosomes do?
Clean up the cell
What is Cytology?
The study of cells
List the 4 groups of organic compounds
1. Carbohydrate
2. Lipids
3. Proteins
4. Nucleic Acids
What is the small unit and function of Proteins- give an example of a protein
Small unit- Amino Acid
1. Regulate cell process
2. Build cell structure
Ex) Embedded proteins + enzymes
Where is food, water and waste stored?
Which cell has a cell wall and what is it made of?
The plant cell has it and the cell wall s made up of cellulose
Who developed a microscope strong enough to see animalcules/ microorganisms
Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek
What is an compound and what is an element - give an example for each
Compound- matter that is made up of 2 or more elements
Ex) H2O, CO2
Element- Substances made up of the same atoms
Ex) Carbon/ C its ONLY made up of Carbon
What are the Nucleic Acids and what are their functions- give examples of Nucleic Acids
Nucleic Acid- the blue-print/building blocks of the cell
1. Carry hereditary information that lays out the order of amino acid- proteins that make our cells
2. It's used to make proteins
Ex) DNA, RNA
Where are proteins made in a cell?
In the ribosomes
Describe the cell membrane
It is semi-permeable, and it is a double layer o phospholipids with embedded proteins
What are the 3 parts of the cell theory?
1. All organisms are made up of cells
2.The cell is the most basic unit of life
3. All cells come from cells
What is the function of the Carbohydrates/saccharide and give an example of a Carbohydrate
1. They supply energy for cell processes
2. Form plant structure (cellulose in cell walls)
3. It acts as a short-term energy storage
Ex) glucose, starch, chitin
How does the ribosomes work/ know what to do if they are so far from the Nucleus/ DNA?
The ribosomes follow the RNA, the copy of the DNA, so they are able to know what they need to do without actually being in close proximity to the Nucleus/ DNA
Proteins made by the RER travel to the golgi body in sacks called...
Vesicles
Name 9 characteristics of a living thing
They reproduce, grow, adapt to the environment, respond to stimuli, metabolize , undergo homeostasis, collect and convert nutrients, Use energy/ consume energy, and have cells
What did Robert Hooke do?
Identified and coined the term cell from looking at a cork
What are the small units and functions of Lipids and give example of them?
Small units- glycerol
1. They store a large amount of energy for long-term supply
2. Form boundaries around the cell
3. Some fats (like wax) can be used for protection
Ex) Fats, oils, waxes, steroids, phospholipids, cholesterol
What do Organisms rely on and why?
Water because it is used to carry out chemical processes at the cellular level
What cell process is CONTROLLED by the nucleus?
Protein synthesis- creates protien
What is the simple to complex organization?
Cell> Tissue> Organ > Organ system > Organism
Who hypothesized that all cells came from cells and what did he study?
Rudolf Virchow, cell devision