Causes
Causes: L HF, trauma/shock, embolism, inhaled noxious fumes, infection
ARDS- adult respiratory distress syndrome
Three steps of asthma
1. bronchospasm
2. inflammation of the bronchioles
3. excess mucous secretion into airways
A productive cough lasting for 3 consecutive months in a row for 2 consecutive years
Chronic bronchitis
Normal FEV1/FVC
75%
S/S: prolonged expiration with decreased FEV1/FVC, skin retraction, tickle in the back of the throat, wheezing, nostril flaring
Asthma
Causes: bedding, respiratory infection, inner ear infections, immature cardio-respiratory center in medulla, long QT segment
SIDS - sudden infant death syndrome
Person inhaled allergen causing mast cells and IGE antibodies in order for Ca+ to release histamine and leukotrienes
Extrinsic pathway (asthma)
Necrotizing infection that destroy the muscular wall and elastic components of the bronchus. Irreversible dilation of bronchi
Bronchiectasis
Immediate rescue breath
Bronchodilators - B2 stimulators - albuterol
S/S: SOB, orthopnea, increased respiratory rate, peripheral cyanosis, elbow changes, barrel chest
COPD
Cause: hereditary alpha 1 antitrypsin deficiency
Emphysema
A precipitating factor such as cold, infection, stress altered afferent discharge which will stimulate Vagus N.
Intrinsic pathway (asthma)
Decreased FVC
Restrictive lung disease
Somewhat severe
4 on BORG dyspnea scale
S/S: "fecal" breath, mucopurulent sputum
Bronchiectasis
S/S: hemoptysis, wheezing, recurrent pneumonia, seizures
Primary lung neoplasm
Genetic autosomal recessive trait
Cystic fibrosis
Defined as an increase in pulmonary MAPB from 14 to >25 mmHg when 59-75% of the vascular bed is impaired
Pneumoconiosis
Rapid growth primary lung neoplasms
Small cell (oat cell), large undifferentiated
S/S: hacking productive cough, dyspnea, cyanosis, fever and chills, generalized aches and myalgia, sharp pleuritic chest pain
Pneumonia
S/S: sustained chronic cough, use of accessory muscles, digital clubbing, excessive appetite but poor weight gain, bulky and foul smelling stools
Cystic fibrosis
S/S: chest pain with inspiration, cough, fever, chills, tachypnea
Pleuritis/pleurisy
____% of TB cases develop hypersensitivity
5%
Type I pneumocyte
O2 and CO2 exchange
S/S: malaise, weight loss, anorexia, low grade fevers, night sweats, dull chest pain, productive cough
Tuberculosis