cell differentiation
what does the body begin as?
a single fertilized egg
what are stem cells and where are they found?
body cells, found literally anywhere in body
what are codons?
a sequence of 3 nucleotides that come together to make up genetic code for dna or rna
what are the 3 main types of rna?
mRNA, tRNA, and rRNA
Which protein binds to the separated DNA strands during replication to keep them from coming back together?
SSB proteins
how does this one egg turn into a person?
by specializing cells! (differentiation)
how are stem cells relevant to growth?
to duplicate, there has to be atleast one of a cell - so as a stem cell is specialized and is assigned a purpose, it can make things like bones and skin
base pairs for dna?
c-g and a-t
whats the function of mRNA?
its like the messenger, and it carries dna (genetic code) outside the nucleus into the cytoplasm
what enzyme unwinds the double helix?
helicase
what is the purpose of differentiation?
to assign a cell a special purpose
how, after specialization are they able to use the same dna for so many different purposes?
they use different genes in that dna (selectively activating and deactivating them) to eventually make new proteins
base pairs for rna?
c-g, a-u, and t-a
what is the function of tRNA?
a type of RNA molecule that acts as an adaptor in protein synthesis, that brings amino acids to the ribosomes so it can be made into a polypeptide chain
many key players in DNA replication are identified by what suffix, indicating they are likely enzymes?
-ase
can specialized cells turn back?
NO.
what is dna, where is it, what is it made of, what does it contain, and what is its purpose?
what is it - instructions to make protein, double helix
where - nucleus
made of - a phosphate group, pentose sugar, and nitrogenous base
contains - deoxyribose sugar, a(adenine) g(guanine) c(cytosine) and t(tymine)
purpose - it stores the genetic information
what do codons determine?
the sequence of amino acids (protein), the shape, and the function
what is the function of rRNA
it is the main component of ribosomes, and it is what links the amino acids together (or what ACTUALLY makes the chain)
what is the constructor for new dna strands?
DNA polymerase
what is rna, where is it, what does it contain, what is it made of, and what is its purpose?
what is it - a single strand nucleic acid
where - outside nucleus
made of - ribose sugar, phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base
contains - ribose sugar, a(adenine) c(cytosine) g(guanine) and u(uracil)
purpose - copies and moves dna for protein synthesis
during DNA replication, if a cell is deficient in the function of ligase, which critical step would be impaired, potentially leading to fragmented DNA molecules?
the DNA would remain in fragments