Lesson 1
The passing of traits from parents to offspring.
What is heredity?
The two alleles that control the phenotype of a trait.
What is the geneotype?
The process of copying a DNA molecule to make another DNA molecule.
What is replication?
Which option is an example of incomplete dominance?
A. Wrinkled peas
B. AB blood type
C. Pink camellia flowers
C. Pink Camellia Flowers
A genetic factor that blocks another genetic factor.
What is a dominant trait?
The study of how traits are passed from parent to offspring.
What is genetics?
How a trait appears or is expressed.
What is a phenotype?
A type of nucleic acid that carries the code for making proteins from the nucleus to the cytoplasm.
What is RNA?
Tell how mutations can affect traits.
Proteins express traits. Because mutations to DNA can alter proteins made from the DNA code, they can change the way traits are expressed.
A genetic factor that is blocked by a dominant genetic factor.
What is a recessive trait?
True or False: One trait that Mendel did not study in pea plants was the shape of the plants' leaves.
True
A model used to predict possible genotypes and phenotypes of offspring.
What is a Punnett Square?
The process of making mRNA from DNA.
What is transcription?
Recall the difference between RNA and DNA
DNA is a nucleic acid that is an organism's entire genetic material. All genes are segments of DNA on a chromosome. Like DNA, RNA is also a type of nucleic acid. However, it carries instructions specifically for making proteins. Unlike double-stranded DNA, RNA's structure is single-stranded. RNA includes uracil as one of its nitrogen bases; DNA includes thymine. RNA also has the sugar ribose, DNA has deoxyribose.
When the two alleles of a gene are the same.
What is homozygous?
When pollen from one plant reaches the pistil of a flower on the same plant.
What is self-pollination?
The different forms of a gene.
What is an allele?
Spin that Wheel
A change in the nucleotide sequence of a gene.
What is a mutation?
explain codominance
Codominance occurs when both alleles can be observed in a phenotype. For example, codominance is seen where a cow with white hair and a cow with red hair produce an offspring with white hair and red hair.
When the two alleles of a gene are different?
What is heterozygous?
Daily Double
Why did Mendel use cross-pollination in his experiments?
To control which plants pollinated other plants.
Spin that Wheel
What are the two types of dominance?
Incomplete Dominance and Codominance
The process of making a protein from RNA.
What is translation?
Describe the conclusions Mendel reached about inherited traits. You must use the terms dominant and recessive in your response.
Mendel concluded that two factors control each inherited trait. He concluded that one factor contributed to each trait by each reproductive cell (sperm and egg). Mendel also concluded that some factors can block others, which is an early expression of the idea of dominant and recessive traits.
An organism's genetic material.
What is DNA?