Red Flags
Something that may cause a PT to stop and think about how to proceed next.
What is a red flag?
There are two types of yellow flags. Please describe the two different types.
Communication/Motivation(or non-medical) related and medical
These collection of symptoms: Abdominal Pain, N/V, Tachycardia, Fever, Hypotension, Abdominal edema, Jaundice
Pancreatitis
Parasympathetic innervation to the heart is supplied by this nerve
Vagus
This viral infection damages the CD4 (helper T lymphocytes) of the immune system. Acute symptoms can include flu-like symptoms (Ex: fever, fatigue, chills, swollen lymph nodes, etc.).
Human Immunodeficiency virus (HIV), AIDS not acceptable
Red flags should be assessed during which treatment session?
Every treatment session from evaluation to discharge.
Monitoring or extra steps need to be taken to keep the patient safe during treatment are considered what?
A yellow flag
This collection of symptoms: excessive or spontaneous bleeding, petechiae, severe bruising
Thrombocytopenia
Chewed food enters the stomach from the esophagus through this small circular opening.
Cardiac sphincter
Compression of the spinal cord causing pain in the neck or back and tingling, numbness, or weakness in the arms, hands, legs or feet.
Myelopathy
A collection of symptoms including numbness/tingling, slurring of speech, chest pain, shortness of breath, cyanosis. These can all be examples of what?
Write two examples of medical yellow flag?
BP monitoring
HR monitoring
SpO2 monitoring
Orthostatic symptoms
Radiating symptoms
Edema
Redness
Fatigue
Losing weight, with intention
Pain out of proportion of the injury
These collection of symptoms: Pain, swelling, redness, tenderness to the touch in the leg or arm
DVT
The bladder wall is composed of this muscle, comprised of thick layers of interwoven bundles of smooth muscle running transversely, longitudinally, and obliquely.
Detrusor muscle
The escape of air from the lungs into the pleural cavity, often resulting from a penetrating wound or fractured rib.
Pneumothorax
Fever, Night sweats, Headache, and Blood in the urine are all red flags except which one?
Headache
Identify 1 yellow flag in the case below: A patient in outpatient PT for low back pain has PMH of COPD, Spinal stenosis, OA of the R knee, and h/o L shoulder replacement. The patient wears 2L O2 via NC during all activities. The patient reports low back pain that improves with lumbar flexion.
COPD on supplemental O2
These collection of symptoms: unconscious with no pulse
Cardiac Arrest
When blood pressure drops, the kidneys release this hormone which converts angiotensinogen (from the liver) into angiotensin I
Renin
An inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) that involves inflammation of the large intestine due to abnormal immune reactions. It most commonly affects the colon and can cause blood in the stool or rectal bleeding.
Ulcerative colitis
1 red flag is indentified in the case of a 45 y/o patient who has right knee pain while climbing stairs. Patient has a PMH of HTN that is well controlled with medication. Patient reports that the pain sometimes is usually on the right side of the knee. Upon observation, the knee is red and swollen.
What is the knee being red and swollen?
Identify 1 yellow flag in the case below: A 70 y/o patient is in the hospital for a spine surgery. The patient's PMH is HTN, Hyperlipidemia, Anoxic Brain Injury, and Diabetes. The patient is reporting 6/10 pain at rest and with mobility.
Anoxic Brain Injury
Please describe 4 possible symptoms of a stroke?
Blurry/double vision
Slurred/Change in Speech
One sided weakness
Facial Droop
Headache
Foot drop
Numbness/tingling on one side of the body or one extremity
This funnel shaped area conducts air between the oral/nasal cavities and the larynx/trachea.
Pharynx
Treatment of this disorder depends on the cause and may include surgery, radiation, chemotherapy, or medications to control cortisol production.
Cushing syndrome