Abiotic vs. Biotic
What is an environmental factor not associated with living organisms?
Abiotic factor
What does ATP stand for?
Adenosine triphosphate
What is aerobic respiration?
The process of producing cellular energy in the presence of oxygen.
What is a gamete?
A reproductive cell with a haploid number of chromosomes.
What is anatomy?
The scientific study of the shape and structure of organisms and their parts.
What is an example of a biotic factor?
Plants, animals, bacteria
What is the role of ATP in cells?
It serves as a source of energy for many metabolic processes.
Give an example of an organism that uses anaerobic respiration.
Yeast or certain bacteria.
Define codominance.
A genetic scenario where both alleles in a heterozygote are fully expressed.
What does physiology study?
The vital functions and processes of organisms, including growth and reproduction.
Define "abiotic factor."
Non-living chemical and physical parts of the environment that affect living organisms and the functioning of ecosystems.
Describe how ATP is produced.
Through cellular respiration, specifically during glycolysis, the Krebs cycle, and oxidative phosphorylation.
How do aerobic and anaerobic respiration differ?
Aerobic respiration requires oxygen and produces more energy compared to anaerobic respiration, which occurs without oxygen.
What is the difference between dominant and recessive alleles?
Dominant alleles mask the expression of recessive alleles in a heterozygote.
Define "hominid."
A member of the family Hominidae, including modern humans and their ancestors.
How do abiotic factors affect ecosystems?
They influence the types of organisms that can survive in an environment and impact food chains and habitats.
How does ATP release energy?
By breaking down into ADP and phosphate through hydrolysis.
What are the products of aerobic respiration?
Carbon dioxide, water, and energy (ATP).
Explain what a mutation is.
A change in the genetic sequence of an organism.
Why is studying anatomy important?
It helps understand the structure-function relationship in organisms, essential for fields like medicine.
Describe how biotic and abiotic factors interact.
Biotic factors depend on abiotic factors for survival; for example, plants (biotic) need sunlight and water (abiotic) to grow.
Explain the difference between ATP and ADP.
ATP has three phosphate groups and stores energy, while ADP has two phosphate groups and is produced when ATP releases energy.
Explain the significance of oxygen in aerobic respiration.
Oxygen is essential for the electron transport chain, which generates the majority of ATP during aerobic respiration.
Describe polygenic inheritance.
Inheritance controlled by multiple genes, affecting a quantitative character.
Describe the relationship between structure and function in anatomy.
The structure of an organism or its parts is closely related to its function, impacting how it survives and thrives.