ATP Synthase
Reason for the electron transport chain pump H⁺ into the thylakoid space.
What is establishing a H⁺ concentration gradient and storing potential energy?
Area where electron transport chain takes place
What is the inner mitochondrial membrane?
This organelle is where the Krebs Cycle takes place
What is the Mitochondrial matrix?
This process allows cells to produce ATP when (BLANK) is unavailable.
what is oxygen?
location of glycolysis in the cell
What is Cytosol?
The structure H⁺ uses to flow back to the matrix
What is ATP synthase?
Purpose of the electron transport chain
What is helping produce ATP (energy) for the cell?
This two-carbon molecule combines with oxaloacetate to begin the Krebs Cycle
What is acetyl-CoA?
This molecule is broken down during glycolysis to begin fermentation
what is Glucose?
Amount of ATPs glycolysis produced
What is 2 ATP?
The way ATP synthase uses the flow of H⁺
When is H⁺ energy used to combine ADP and Pi to form ATP?
Oxygen's importance in the electron transport chain
Why is oxygen the final electron acceptor, why does it combine with electrons and hydrogen ions to form water?
This gas is released as a waste product during the Krebs cycle
What is carbon dioxide (CO₂)?
The two main types of fermentation, and the main product of each
what is lactic acid →Lactate? And what is Alcoholic →ethanol and carbon dioxide?
Net products of glycolysis from one glucose molecule
What is 2 Pyruvate 2ATP 2NADH 2H2O?
Results of ATP synthase being blocked
When does H⁺ not flow normally, and ATP synthesis is affected?
The reason for NADH making more ATP than FADH2
Why does NADH provide energy for more proton pumping?
These two electron carriers are produced during the Krebs Cycle and deliver high-energy electrons to the electron transport chain
What are NADH and FADH₂?
Reason for fermentation generating NAD+
What is needed to allow glycolysis to keep producing ATP?
The step NAD+ is reduced to NADH
What is the 6th step?
If there is no H⁺ concentration gradient, can ATP still be continuously synthesized even if ATP synthase is functioning normally?
No, because there is no energy source to drive ATP synthesis.
Result if ATP synthase stops working
What will happen if ATP Production drops because hydrogen ions cannot flow through it?
For every one glucose molecule, the Krebs Cycle completes this many turns and produces this many NADH, FADH₂, and ATP (or GTP) molecules
What are 2 turns, 6 NADH, 2 FADH₂, and 2 ATP (or GTP)?
Reason for fermentation producing much less ATP than aerobic cellular respiration (with the amount of ATP they make)
why does fermentation only rely on glycolysis, which produces a net of 2 ATP per glucose, while aerobic respiration produces much more ATP(36) using the ETC
The step glycolysis will stop if there is no NAD+
What will stop at the 6th step?