ROCK CYCLE & ROCK TYPES
Q: This type of rock forms from cooling magma or lava.
A: What is igneous rock?
Q: This type of magma is dark, low in silica, and very runny.
A: What is basaltic magma?
Q: This process moves weathered material from one place to another.
A: What is erosion?
Q: This type of crust that is more dense at subduction zones.
A: What is oceanic crust?
Q: This wave type travels fastest through Earth during an earthquake.
A: What are P-waves?
Q: This metamorphic rock has foliation and forms from shale.
A: What is slate?
Q: This volcanic rock has no visible crystals because it cooled extremely fast.
A: What is obsidian?
Q: This agent of erosion moves sediment by bouncing and rolling it along the ground, often in rivers and streams.
A: What is water?
Q: This supercontinent once included all of Earth’s landmasses.
A: What is Pangaea?
Q: The farther you are from an earthquake epicenter, this happens to the time between P and S waves.
A: What is the P–S wave time increases?
Q: This sedimentary rock is made of rounded rock fragments cemented together.
A: What is conglomerate?
Q: This relationship best explains how cooling time affects crystal size in igneous rocks.
A: What is slower cooling produces larger crystals?
Q: This type of weathering breaks rock without changing its composition.
A: What is physical (mechanical) weathering?
Q: Most earthquakes at transform boundaries occur for this reason.
A: What is plates sliding past each other and releasing built-up stress?
Q: Yellowstone is an example of this volcanic feature.
A: What is a continental hotspot?
Q: This process is required to turn sediments into sedimentary rock like conglomerate.
A: What is compaction and cementation?
Q: An igneous rock that is light-colored and fine-grained is most likely this.
A: What is rhyolite?
Q: This process occurs when water freezes in cracks and breaks rock apart.
A: What is frost wedging?
Q: The Mid-Atlantic Ridge is an example of this type of plate boundary.
A: What is a divergent boundary?
Q: This type of volcano forms from basaltic magma and has gentle slopes.
A: What is a shield volcano?
Q: Illinois has no active volcanoes and experiences significant weathering and erosion. Based on the rock cycle, which type of rock is most likely to form and why?
What is sedimentary rock, because weathering, erosion, deposition, compaction, and cementation dominate in areas without volcanism?
Q: This type of magma would move the slowest down a slope due to its silica content.
A: What is rhyolitic magma?
Q: This climate would cause the fastest rate of weathering.
A: What is a hot, wet (warm and humid) climate?
Q: This mantle process is responsible for the movement of tectonic plates.
A: What are convection currents?
This seismic-wave observation proves Earth’s outer core is liquid.
A: What is S-waves stop while P-waves continue through the outer core?