Ethiopia
This was the reason Italy created racial boundaries in Ethiopia when planning cities.
What is to keep African and Italian cultures separate and unequal; Worried about white men perishing.
This was Mussolini’s goal when trying to re-shape Italy’s economy.
What is being self-sufficient.
Italian Women did this with their wedding rings after the League of Nations sanctions.
What is giving them away to the Italian government?
This invasion was where racist feelings developed.
What is the invasion of Abyssinia?
This was one of the reasons racial boundaries did not work.
What is many Italian troops mixed bloodlines and reproduced.
This year was when Mussolini created the OVRA?
What is 1927.
What was the Italian program to increase the birthrate before the war?
What was the Battle for Births?
This year was when Mussolini introduced racist decrees, discriminating against Jews.
What is 1938?
This tactic was used by Italy to discourage primal drives and mixed relationships.
What is propaganda, such as films that portray Italians as pure, but Ethiopians as degenerates.
This was the effect the Battle for Grain had on big landowners located in the south of Italy.
What is terrible. Big landowners in the south were negatively impacted because the soil wasn’t suitable to grow wheat and they lost the ability to grow other key crops in need, which led to poverty in the south.
This limit was placed on women participating in the workplace in fascist Italy. (as a %)
What is 10%
The decrees Mussolini ordered prevented Jews from doing these actions.
Banned mixed marriages, no Jewish children in state schools, Jews not allowed to own larger firms, now Jews in state service (civil, school, military)
This was the year miscegenation became a crime and what were the punishments for breaking it?
What is 1937. Italian men were punished with 5 years in prison. Italian women were whipped and sent to concentration camps.
After the Battle of Lira, these industries benefited from the revaluation of Lira.
What is industries reliant on raw materials and technology because imports became cheaper. Banks with foreign debts also benefitted as their loans became easier to repay.
This was the effect Italian restrictions on women’s employment had on women’s participation in university from 1914-38?
What is an increase from 6% to 15%?
This was the public’s and pope’s response to anti-Semitic measures.
What is unpopular. Public viewed measures as Mussolini bowing down to Hitler; Pope said: “Catholic means universal; it is not racist, nationalist or separatist”, thought Italy imitated Germany.
This was the underlying reason for Mussolini and Italian officials wanting to gain the Africans’ respect through policies such as not asking Africans for loans, carrying their bags, or being intoxicated in public.
What is prestige. The overarching feeling of being viewed as subordinate from the international position. Rebuilding the Italian image became an important theme in escaping inferiority.
This was the end result of Mussolini's efforts to improve the country's economy.
What are the negatives outweighed the positives?
While the Battle for the Marshes created jobs and public works, the Battle for Grain’s inefficient agriculture and overvaluation of the Lira prevented Italian exports as they became more expensive for foreign consumers. Adding on to increasing military expenditure in the long term, Mussolini’s policies were too short-sighted to combat the mounting costs and outweighed the positive effects of his policies.
This was the result of the Battle for Births in 1927-1945 which had a goal of achieving 60 million person population by 1950.
What is it didn’t achieve its goal population of 60 million, but it improved healthcare and tax relief for mothers. However, many women felt raising children was burdensome and wanted more free time.
Racial laws prevented Jews from running businesses, keeping property. This was the response of Italian citizens.
What is Italians believed the laws were unjust so they didn’t enforce them strictly. Thus, Jews were able to transfer businesses to friends and Italians helped to protect Jewish property and harbor them. As a result, 80% of Italy’s Jews survived the Holocaust.