Anatomy
Chronic venous insufficiency can happen due to damage in these three leg vein systems.
What are the deep veins, superficial veins and perforating veins.
This percentage of patients presenting with initial episode of syncope will have pulmonary embolism.
What is 20%.
First, greater than 50% occlusion of the pulmonary vascular tree causes right ventricular failure and impaired left ventricular filling, leading to a reduction in cardiac output, arterial hypotension, reduced cerebral blood flow, and ultimately syncope
Sudden death is the first symptom in about one-quarter (25%) of people who have a PE.
One of the most popular varicose vein remedies due to its active ingredient, Aescin this agent boasts a wide range of benefits for veins, such as minimizing swelling, shrinking blood vessels, thinning blood, increasing circulation, and reducing your risk of developing blood clots.
What is horse chestnut extract?
Taking two to three doses of 300 mg horse chestnut seed daily should offer some symptomatic relief. It’s important to only use commercially available horse chestnut extracts that strain out a dangerous toxic element. This remedy should also not be used by pregnant women or people with bleeding problems.
This is the correct compression to use in venous insufficiency prevention.
What is 10-15mm Hg?
This is the recommended downtime in recovery after a major venous intervention.
What is 2 hours?
This is the percentage of total blood volume found in the venous system at any time.
What is 70%
The venous compartment has a large capacitance reservoir, containing 65-75% of the total blood volume. Of this, 75% is in the small veins and venules
According to Virchow's triad these are the main pathophysiological mechanisms involved in DVT
ollowing are the risk factors that are considered causes of deep venous thrombosis:
These three vitamins are known to improve circulatory health.
What are
This is the correct strength of compression for Varicose veins with or without edema (C2–C3)
What is 20-30mmHg?
This is commonly seen for weeks to months in the distribution of a vein after ablation and is commonly misinterpreted as a DVT.
What is a venous chord?
This is the term that describes inflammation and hardening of the subcutaneous fat and dermal tissue found in longstanding venous insufficiency. This has given rise to the description of a "bottle leg" formation
It is caused by protein accumulation in the tissues, most noticeably between the knee and ankle presents as hard, waxy, hyperpigmented tissue with swelling of the surrounding areas.This has given rise to the description of a "bottle leg" formation
In the setting of a patient diagnosed with PE, this score can be utilized to determine short term mortality and long term morbidity, aiding the cardiologist is treatment decisions.
Pulmonary Embolism Severity Index (PESI) Predicts 30-day outcome of patients with pulmonary embolism using 11 clinical criteria.
https://www.mdcalc.com/calc/1304/pulmonary-embolism-severity-index-pesi
This is a therapy also found in grape seed extract commonly given by Dr. Skeen for symptomatic venous disease when added to compression therapy, it may improve healing of ulcers and many symptoms of chronic venous insufficiency, including lower extremity edema.
What is Micronized purified flavonoid fraction (MPFF)is also available as a dietary supplement; when added to compression therapy, it may improve healing of ulcers and many symptoms of chronic venous insufficiency, including lower extremity edema. It is usually taken as two 500 mg tablets daily
This is the correct prescription for compression treating advanced venous skin changes, or ulcers (C4–C6)
What is 30-40mmHg
This is how long a patient should remain on anticoagulation therapy after venous stenting.
What is 1 year?
Each vein is made of these three layers of tissues and fibers
What are the the tunica adventitia (outer layer), tunica media (middle layer) and tunica intima (inner layer)
Veins are also different than arteries when it comes to the thickness of their walls. Veins have thinner and less muscular walls. This is because veins have a lower level of pressure than arteries. So, their walls don’t need to be as thick to handle the pressure.
This anticoagulant for DVT is valued due to its anti-inflammatory effects
What is Lovenox or (LMWH) . It inhibits vein wall neutrophils and total inflammatory cells, low-dose LMWH was most effective limiting neutrophil extravasation
Venous thrombosis contributes to an active vein wall inflammatory response that is initiated and propagated by further thrombosis. This response is characterized by early vein wall neutrophil infiltration followed by monocyte/macrophage infiltration
This therapy decreases venous ulcer wound healing time. The majority of adverse effects were gastrointestinal disturbances.
What is Pentoxifylline? This is an effective adjunct to compression bandaging for treating venous ulcers and may be effective in the absence of compression. 400mg-800mg daily in divided doses. Typical would healing time 30-90 days.
This is the strength of compression recommended for recurrent ulcers.
What is 40-50mmHg?
With a structured regimen of compression therapy, complete ulcer healing can be achieved in >90% of patient with ulcers at a mean of 5.3 months.
This is the appropriate anticoagulation strategy after venous stenting
What is LMWH or Xa inhibitor + Plavix?
These are least three locations venous ulcers will develop.
Medial malleolus, ankle, or posterior calf; over a perforating vein; or along the route of the great or small saphenous veins.
They do not occur above the knee or in the area of the forefoot. In appearance, the ulcers are usually irregular and shallow, with granulation tissue and fibrin evident in the wound bed.
This common cardiovascular drug (non-anticoagulant and non-antiplatelet) can reduced the risk of VTE
What are statins?
Two prospective observational studies and four case control studies found that statins reduces the risk of VTE by 20% to 60%.
Statin therapy almost certainly has an active anti-inflammatory component that contributes to decreased thrombus formation. Other mechanisms of action for statin therapy that are enticing explanations for reduction in VTE include reductions in Tissue Factor, particularly embedded on microvesicles, as well as targeted action against platelet activity, NETs, or thrombus binding strength.
Multiple statins including pravastatin, simvastatin, atorvastatin, rosuvastatin and more have been studied
This common pain reliever and anti-inflammatory has additional ulcer healing properties.
What is Aspirin (300 to 325 mg/day) may speed the healing of ulcers.
Data is present but not robust.
This promotes venous return from the lower extremity and contributes to preload and cardiac output. Impaired function may reflect a measure of frailty or cumulative disease burden or may impede cardiac function.
What is the Calf muscle pump.
These are the appropriate Ultrasound monitoring intervals post venous stenting
What is 1, 3, 6, 12 months.