Vocab: Lessons 2&3
Define: Stimulus.
A detectable change in the environment.
How is the shape of a protein related to the genetic code?
The genetic code determines which amino acids are used in order to build what protein. Also determines shape of protein.
Where do we have most of our taste buds?
Tip and sides of our toungue.
What is the purpose of a punnet square?
To list the possible traits an offspring could receive.
Define: Offspring.
A product of reproduction.
Define: Cones.
Cells in the back of the eye to help us see color.
What is the connection between amino acids and protein?
Amino acids are the building blocks of proteins.
What is the nerve called that transmits signals from the eye to the brain?
The optic nerve.
If b=tall and the alleles of 2 parents are BB and Bb, what is the chance of the offspring being tall?
0% chance.
Define: Sexual reproduction.
A method of reproducing where an offspring gets half of each parent's genes.
Define: Rods.
Cells in the back of the eye to help us see black and white.
How does protein shape affect traits?
Differences in shape can cause proteins to function differently, which causes differences in traits.
What is the function of rod and cone cells in the eyes?
Cone cells help us to see color. Rod cells help us to see black and white. Both are extremely important.
How do we tell the difference between a dominant and recessive gene when listing alleles for a punnet square?
Dominant=Capital letters. Recessive=Lowercase letters.
Define: Alleles.
Different versions of a gene.
Define: Receptor proteins.
Molecules attached to our cells that can sense a stimulus and start a signal that travels to the brain.
Why do some people have differently shaped proteins?
Because people have different genetic codes, which determines the amino acid sequence, which determines the shape and function of the protein.
What tastes does the brain respond to?
Sweet, salty, savory, sour, and bitter.
If G=blue eyes, what are the chances of getting blue eyes if the parents alleles are Gg and gg?
50% chance.
Define: Chromosomes.
Threadlike structures of DNA molecules that contain the genes found in the nucleus.
Define: Opsin.
Light sensitive receptor proteins found in cone cells that send signals to the brain.
Why does Becky and Joe have differently shaped green sensing opsins?
They have different genetic codes.
What is the chemical responsible for the sensation of spice called?
Capsaicin.
A child has blood type O, but their parents have blood type A. How is this possible?
The parents must have blood type AO which is considered type A. The child must have inherited the O allele from each parent.
Define: DNA.
The chemical building block that make up genes.