Basic Research Methods
Dissonance
Cognitive dissonance
Self-persuasion
Persuasion
100

What is the difference between a hypothesis and a theory?

A hypothesis is more specific and a theory is concerned with why something is happening.

100

Dissonance serves as a:

Psychological immune system

100

In order to justify bad behaviors towards others

We convince ourselves that they are bad

100

Is self-persuasion long lasting

Yes

100

Social tuning

unconsciously aligning one's beliefs with those of others

200

Do attitudes predict behaviors?

Yes sometimes but they are not perfect indicators.

200

Divergent attitudes

Same initial attitudes + different behaviors

200

post decision dissonance

the psychological discomfort that occurs after making a difficult decision

200

Cognitive dissonance reduction

changing beliefs, adding new beliefs, or reducing the importance of beliefs

200

The goal of subliminal messaging

to subtly affect people without them being aware of it

300

Does specificity matter with attitudes?

Yes

300

Dissonance occurs:

Automatically

300

Self-perception theory

a theory that people learn about their attitudes and behaviors by observing themselves

300

Dissonance in action

when a person's actions contradict their values or beliefs, causing them to feel discomfort

300

Advertising heavily relies on emotions to

connect with consumers, creating a deeper connection to a product or brand by evoking positive feelings like happiness, nostalgia, or inspiration, which can ultimately influence purchase decisions and build brand loyalty

400

What is cognitive dissonance?

Discomfort caused by holding two or more inconsistent cognitions

400
What is insignificant Justification

When there is not enough external justification so we search for internal justification

400

Cognitive dissonance theory

A psychological theory that explains why people experience tension when their beliefs, attitudes, or behaviors conflict.

400

What is an attitude

a person's overall evaluation of something or someone

400

Persuasive appeals

Strategies that writers use to convince an audience to adopt a certain point of view

500

Cognitive dissonance is most aversive when

When we act in ways that are inconsistent with positive self-image

500

Insufficient punishment

When there is a lack of external justification

500

What creates the illusion of irrevocability?

Signing an agreement or check creates the illusion of irrevocability.

500

Subliminal advertising

marketing technique that uses hidden images or sounds to influence consumers' buying decisions

500

Yale attitude change approach

studies the factors that influence whether people are likely to change their attitudes in response to persuasive messages

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