:)

GAS Presentation

100

this is a well-demarcated infection of the upper dermis and lymphatics 

what are erysipelas? 

200

this infection caused by GAS involves the deep dermis and subcutaneous tissue and is poorly demarcated

What is cellulitis? 

300

this is the result of a type III hypersensitivity reaction that results in hypertension and edema

What is post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis? 

400

can be classified by the JONES criteria (name the criteria and how they manifest)

What is rheumatic fever? What is joints (migratory polyarthritis), pancarditis, subcutaneous nodules, erythema marginatum, sydenham chorea? 

500

caused by streptococcal pyrogenic exotoxins and results in cytokine storm

What is toxic shock syndrome? 

Virulence Factors

100

decreases opsonization and phagocytosis; involved in molecular mimicry 

What is M protein? 

200

causes converts plasminogen to plasmin, leading to fibrinolysis 

What is streptokinase? 

300

damages host membranes and cells and is considered very antigenic

What is Streptolysin O and S? 

400

this morphological characteristic helps it avoid detection in host immunity 

What is hyaluronic acid capsule?

500

these exotoxins cause Scarlet fever (how does it present)?

What is erythrogenic exotoxin A, B, and C? 

Drugs

100

common drugs for mild GAS

What is penicillin, ampicillin, and amoxicillin? also 1st generation cephalosporins (if penicillin allergy) 

200

this targets gram negatives, including Pseudomonas Aeruginosa, blocks bacterial wall synthesis and is able to resist B-lactamase activity   

What is Piperacillin/Tazobactam?

300

this covers gram - bacteria, including extended spectrum B-lactamase producing bacteria, and is stable to dehydropeptidase I 

What is meropenem? 

400

this drug binds to D-ala-D-ala portion of growing polypeptide chains and covers gram + bacteria, including MRSA, and is administered through IV (slowly...why?)

What is vancomycin? 

500

has gram + coverage, little gram - coverage, can target S. aureus, Strep, and is first-line for UTIs *think about how you use this prior to surgery as prophylaxis for S. aureus infections

What is first generation cephalosporin (cefazolin)?

All about Cytokines

100

these cytokines result in fever, immune cell activation, and leukocyte migration 

What are IL-1 and IL-2?

200

this cytokine promotes T-cell proliferation

What is IL-2?

300

This is produced by NK cells and enhances macrophage activation

What is IL-12?

400

This acts as a chemoattractant for neutrophils

What is IL-8?

500

this bypasses normal antigen presentation and leads to activation of up to 20% of T-cells

what is a superantigen?