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Definitions

100

A sociological theory must:

1 Link together a series of ideas that make an argument

2Draw a conclusion that has predictive value

3Show an earlier theory to be false

4Elaborate upon unverified hunches or guesses

Link together a series of ideas that make an argument

200

Which of the following is a variable?

1. The general theory of crime

2. The statement that “when unemployment rates increase, crime increases”

3. The number of illegal activities in which a person has engaged over the last year

4. A high degree of statistical confidence that political exclusion causes crime

The number of illegal activities in which a person has engaged over the last year

Studies

100

Which of the following was NOT one of the findings from Correll et al’s laboratory experiment?

• Raters recommended lower salaries for black than for white applicants.
• In comparison to fathers, childless men were rated as more competent and reliable.
• In comparison to mothers, childless women were rated as more competent and reliable.
• The motherhood penalty was much larger for black than for white applicants.

• In comparison to fathers, childless men were rated as more competent and reliable.

200

In their study of heavy metal and suicide, Stack et al. did not come to the conclusion that if individuals listen to heavy metal then they are likely to commit suicide. This is because:

1. The found no statistical evidence between the relationship of heavy metal and suicide

2. They found only weak results in their study

3. Doing so would have committed an ecological fallacy because their unit of analysis was states

4. Doing so would have committed an ecological fallacy because their unit of analysis was individuals

Doing so would have committed an ecological fallacy because their unit of analysis was states

Critical Thinking

100

Michelle conducts a study of sleep and college student stress. She expects a negative relation between the concepts, which means she expects to find

1. No relationship between sleep and stress

2. That when sleep increases, stress decreases

3. That when sleep decreases, stress decreases

4. That both sleep and stress are sources of negativity in the lives of college students.

That when sleep increases, stress decreases

200

Nikolas wants to study childhood nutrition. He decides to measure diet with a set of five survey questions that parents fill out on behalf of their children. In this decision, Nikolas has completed what task?

1. Conceptualization

2. Operationalization

3. Inferring causation

4. Disproving the null hypothesis

Operationalization