Unit 1
What movement best describes the Islam's transition into India?
The Dehli Sultanate in the late 12th century is the most accurate way to mark Islam's movement into India.
What are two major trading cities that were on the Silk Road?
Two major trading cities on the Silk Road were Kashgar and Samarkand.
What treaty gave kingdoms the right to choose whether they were Protestant or Catholic?
The treaty was called the Peace of Augsburg.
What region of Africa held the majority of Africans that were kidnapped for slavery?
West Africa was where people were most commonly taken to be slaves.
What is joint-stock company?
When multiple people invest in a company, it distributes the expenses and thus the risk of not making a profit. This proved to be popular in exploration.
Which battle was fought in 732 between the Islamic army and the French that marked the limit of the expansion of Islam into Western Europe?
The victory of France in the Battle of Tours was a symbol for the limitation of Islamic expansion.
What religion was most commonly found in the Indian Ocean Trade?
Islam as the most prominent religion in the Indian Ocean trade routes.
Which Mughal emperor built the Taj Mahal as a tomb for their wife?
The Mughal emperor Shah Jahan built the Taj Mahal as a testament for his wife.
Which Portuguese explorer was the first person to travel around the world?
Ferdinand Magellan was in charge of the first expedition to circumnavigate the world?
What did James Watt invent that was a cheap way to use coal power to generate electricity for machinery?
The steam engine used coal to make steam, and was used to power machinery in textile plants as well as trains later in time.
Out of the inventions in the Song Dynasty, which one increased the literacy rate of its citizens?
The invention that caused a rise in the rate of literacy was woodblock printing.
What are three items that were in popular demand in India on the Indian Ocean trade routes?
Three items in popular demand were spices, high carbon steel, and fabrics or textiles.
Which Ottoman Empire ruler is recognized for conquering Constantinople and later renaming it to Istanbul?
Mehmed II is widely known for being the sultan of the Ottoman Empire and led the conquest of Constantinople.
Within the Transatlantic Slave Trade, what was the route called in which slaves were transported from Africa to North America?
The Middle Passage was the section of the voyage that carried slaves from Africa to North America?
Who was the Italian physicist that developed the radio?
Guglielmo Marconi developed the radio and was actually able to send a signal across the Atlantic Ocean in 1901.
What does the document the Magna Carta cover?
It states that the king and his government are not above the law, rather they have to follow it as well. Not only that, but it limited the king's power and gave more rights to the people.
What kingdom took over in place of the Kingdom of Mali after Mansa Musa's death?
The Kingdom of Songhai replaced the Kingdom of Mali.
What did the Jesuits oppose the expansion of?
The spread of the Protestant Reformation and the Protestant Church was fought by the Jesuits.
Why did Spain and Portugal agree to sign the Treaty of Tordesillas?
They were fighting over land and ocean routes in the Americas as well as access to the Indian Ocean Trade, and wanted a peaceful resolution where they mutally benefit.
What was the Transcontinental Railroad?
It was a railroad that connected the Atlantic Ocean and Pacific Ocean in the United States, facilitating industrial growth.
After Muhammad's death, what caliphate rose to power?
The Umayyad Caliphate took control and began to spread Islam in a militaristic fashion. They used military and religious legitimacy to centralize control. They gained control of large amounts of land, including the Iberian Peninsula and North Africa. However, this expansion was halted in Europe and this marked the limit of their conquests. From the Umayyad Caliphate rose two different groups of Muslims: Shi'a and Sunni. These two groups are divided based on their belief of who has the right to rule, and is a major dispute that still is an issue to this day.
What allowed for the rapid expansion of the Mongol Empire?
The Mongols had several characteristics that allowed for them to thrive, and some of the most prominent were their military prowess, religious tolerance, and their control over trade routes. The Mongol Empire grew quickly under the control of Genghis Khan, who was a sharp leader that organizes his military well. They utilized horses and bows for combat, as well as strategic attacks. Despite gaining a large amount of land, the individual cultures and religions were still allowed to survive under Genghis Khan's rule which led to further enhancing their military. The Mongols also controlled trade routes along the Silk Road, which allowed for connection from the West all the way to the East. Due to all these factors, the Mongols were able to take charge of a vast amount of land and retain it as well.
What is a 'Gunpowder Empire'?
A Gunpowder Empire is an empire that rose to power primarily from the use of gunpowder weapons such as firearms and cannons. There are three empires that this term is mainly used to describe, those three being the Ottoman Empire, the Safavid Empire, and the Mughal Empire. These empires were focused on having a strong military and centralizing control. Each of these empires wanted to continuously expand their territory. When it came to warfare, these three groups were the most developed and prominent of their time.
What technological inventions allowed for more efficient maritime travel?
During the 15th through the 17th centuries, countries were heavily invested in exploring, particularly through ocean routes. A few advancements that helped this include the invention of the caravel, the lateen sail, and the magnetic compass. The caravel is essentially a Portuguese ship designed to be fast and maneuverable that was used for exploration. The lateen sail is a triangular sail that could better harness the wind. Lastly, the magnetic compass is a tool that gave a more accurate way to measure a ship's position, regardless of land being visible. The Age of Exploration was mainly caused due to the rise of mercantilist beliefs, and these innovations encouraged nautical travel.
What did the Enlightenment question?
The Enlightenment was a period in time where people began to question traditional ideas. Also known as the Age of Reason, logic and individualism was encouraged with more free thought occurring. Not only was the absolute authority and power of monarchs put under question, but so was the teachings of the church. Kings refused to follow their own laws, and the church wanted to keep the ability to learn for themselves. Progress was made technologically and scientifically with the intention of improving life.