Theories of Childhood Development
What is Piaget's second stage of development
Preoperational
What does the concept "personal fable" refer to in Elkind's theory?
Adolescent egocentric belief that their own experiences and feelings are unique and special
She developed the Strange Situation to assess attachment quality.
Mary Ainsworth
Arnett proposed the stage of life from age 18 to 25 be called ______.
Emerging adulthood
Name the 3 levels in Kohlberg's theory of moral development.
Preconventional
Conventional
Postconventional
Describe the Zone of Proximal Development
Gap between what learner can do independently and what they can do with guidance from more knowledgeable person.
Describe the identity status "moratorium" according to Marica
Adolescent has explored issue/area, but not yet committed.
An adult with this attachment style is most likely to report feeling angry and hostile after a fight.
Anxious - Ambivalent
According to Erikson, which task is central to the middle adulthood stage of life?
Generativity
Describe the term "history-graded change".
Historical events that affect an entire cohort.
Name two characteristics that are evident during Piaget's Preoperational stage of cognitive development
Inability to:Conserve (number, liquid, matter) seriate, reversibility, Theory of Mind
Tendency for magical thinking, animism
What is Erikson's fourth stage of development?
Industry vs. Inferiority
When a parent is classified as “dismissive” on the basis of AAI assessing the parent’s attachment to early caregivers, that parent’s baby is most likely to have an attachment to the parent that is classified as ________.
Avoidant
According to Gottman, what attitude in a partner is most predictive of relationship failure?
Contempt
Name the four levels of systems in Bronfenbrenner's multidimensional bioecological model.
Microsystem, Mesosystem, Exosystem, Macrosystem
Developmentalists study what infants and children understand about other people’s intentions, desires, beliefs, and feelings. This field of study is referred to as _________.
Theory of Mind
Name the two processes that Marcia indicated result in identity achievement.
Exploration and Commitment
Ms. M. participated in an attachment interview assessing her relationship to her early caregivers. Her transcript revealed lapses in logical thinking, especially when she talked about traumatic memories. She would most likely be categorized as ________.
Unresolved
Name the part of the brain that is primarily impacted by positive affectivity.
Left PFC
Describe the term "relativism" as it relates to Perry's theory of cognitive development
Respectful of differing opinions; Ideas can be evaluated based on evidence; Knowledge is uncertain
According to Selman, friendship requires balancing _____ and _______.
Intimacy and autonomy
Name the term that describes the tendency to perceive neutral events as aggressive or threatening.
Hostile attributional bias
Which attachment styles are the least stable in a heterosexual couple? Name both partners' attachment style.
Anxious-ambivalent male with Avoidant female
Name the 3 adult stages of development, according to Erikson
Intimacy vs. Isolation
Generativity vs. Stagnation
Integrity vs. Despair
Name the components of the HPA axis
Hypothalamus
Pituitary gland
Adrenal gland