States of matter
This state has a definite shape and definite volume.
solid
This number tells you the number of protons in an atom.
atomic number
Vertical columns on the periodic table.
groups
Atoms that gain or lose electrons become these.
ions
A change in size, shape, or state but NO new substance forms.
physical change
This state takes the shape of its container but has a definite volume.
liquid
The charge of a proton.
positive
Horizontal rows that tell how many energy levels an atom has.
periods
An atom that LOST electrons becomes this type of ion.
cation
A new substance forms — color change, gas produced, heat/light released.
chemical reaction
Particles in this state move very fast and spread far apart.
gas
Electrons in the outermost energy level.
valence electrons
Elements in Group 18 are called this and do not react much.
noble gases
An atom that GAINED electrons becomes this type of ion.
anion
Type of reaction: A + B → AB
synthesis
A mixture that looks the same throughout, like saltwater.
homogeneous mixture
Protons + neutrons = this.
mass number
Electrons fill 1s → 2s → 2p → 3s → 3p → 4s → 3d in this pattern using arrows to show the valence electrons
orbital configuration
Same element, different number of neutrons.
isotopes
Type of reaction: AB + CD → AD + CB
double displacement
Type of property that does NOT depend on the amount of matter — includes density and boiling point.
intensive properties
Subatomic particle with no charge, located in the nucleus.
neutron
Bohr models show electrons doing this around the nucleus.
orbiting in energy levels
If sulfur normally has 16 neutrons but this isotope has 18, what is its mass number?
34
These reactions feel HOT because they release heat.
exothermic