General Principles of A&P
Studying anatomy by touch is called
a. gross anatomy
b. auscultation
c. percussion
d. palpation
d. palpation
Which functional group gives an amino acid its unique properties?
a. amino group
b. R group
c. carboxyl
d. central carbon atom
b. R group
This term describes the movement of solutes against their concentration gradient, requiring ATP
active transport
The phospholipid bilayer gives the cell membrane what essential property?
This historical figure is considered "the father of physiology" and is best known for his studies of blood circulation
a. Vesalius
b. Harvey
c. Galen
d. Galileo
b. Harvey
A self-amplifying chain of physiological events is called
positive feedback
These essential lipids are derived from arachidonic acid and serve as local cellular messengers
eicosanoids
The sodium-potassium pump is what kind of carrier protein?
a. uniport
b. antiport
c. symport
b. antiport
Cells specialized for absorption of matter from the ECF are likely to show an abundance of
a. flagella
b. cilia
c. microvilli
d. lysosomes
c. microvilli
Which of the following embodies the greatest amount of scientific information?
a. fact
b. law
c. theory
d. hypothesis
c. theory
List three of our primate adaptions
Opposable thumbs
Bipedalism
Stereoscopic vision
Color vision
Which of the following molecules has the highest energy content per gram?
a. glycogen
b. glucose
c. amino acids
d. triglycerides
d. triglycerides
What two properties are exhibited by carrier proteins?
specificity and saturation
Cells that line the respiratory tract have a lot of these to move mucus
cilia
When a hormone cannot enter a cell, what does it use to relay its message?
second messenger
When a neuron or muscle cell is stimulated, ion channels open and sodium ions from the extracellular fluid flow move the cell. This demonstrates which kind of physiological gradient?
electrochemical
In sickle-cell disease, a genetic mutation causes the amino acid sequence in the globin part of hemoglobin to change. This is a change in what level of protein structure?
primary
Name the five factors that affect diffusion rate
1. temperature
2. molecular weight
3. steepness of concentration gradient
4. membrane surface area
5. membrane permeability
What are two structures the Golgi vesicles can become? What are functions of each?
1. lysosome: contain digestive enzymes
2. secretory vesicles: store a cell product for later release
Steroid hormones are primarily synthesized in which organelle?
a. ribosomes
b. lysosomes
c. smooth ER
d. Golgi
c. smooth ER
Suppose a person jumps into a cold lake. What kind of physiological gradient is at affected here and how will the body try to compensate?
Thermal gradient. As heat is lost from the body, blood vessels in the skin will constrict (vasoconstriction) to prevent further heat loss and muscles will shiver to generate heat.
Imagine you are doing a workout that involves short bursts of intense exercise followed by brief periods of rest. What method of ATP production will your muscles rely on?
anaerobic fermentation
Imagine someone put a saltwater fish in a freshwater aquarium. What would happen to the fish's cells? Why?
The cells would burst because the water would be hypotonic to the fish's cells
Someone who drinks a lot of alcohol is likely to have an abundance of which organelle in their liver cells?
a. smooth ER
b. rough ER
c. mitochondria
d. lysosome
a. smooth ER
A car accident victim comes in to the ER with a badly crushed leg. Upon examination, his blood electrolyte levels were found to be abnormal. Which electrolyte is most likely elevated?
Potassium. When muscle cells are crushed, potassium ions from the ICF are released into the bloodstream.