It's lucky for some
This genotype is associated with a pairing of two alleles that are not the same.
What is heterozygous?
Consumption of softer foods that are cooked and processed may play a role in many people having the removal of these.
What are wisdom teeth?
Degree of skin pigmentation is an evolutionary trade-off between protection from UV degradation and the synthesis of this molecule.
What is Vitamin D?
This fundamental change to human societies had multiple origins around 10,000 years ago.
What is agriculture/farming?
The female reproductive cycle is predominantly regulated by these two hormones.
What are oestrogen and progesterone?
This evolutionary phenomenon occurs when it’s good to have one, but not two, copies of a given allele.
What is heterozygote advantage (overdominance)?
Whilst initially considered fully vestigial, the appendix may have a role as a reservoir for these.
What are beneficial gut bacteria?
Increased hygiene and modern diets are possible explanations for the increased prevalence of these.
What are allergies?
Prior to the agricultural revolution, humans generally stopped producing lactase at this many years old.
What is 5 or 6?
The average female hunter-gatherer was thought to have ~150 reproductive cycles, today, women are expected to experience this many reproductive cycles.
What is 350-450?
Heterozygote carriers for this genetic disease are thought to have increased protection against malaria.
What is Sickle Cell Disease?
Considered a vestigial structure, the common name for this bone is the ‘tail bone’.
What is the coccyx?
This anatomical character is a striking difference between modern and archaic humans and contributes to our increased choking risk.
What is a shorter face?
Commencement of domestication led to an increase in this class of diseases.
What are zoonoses?
The grandmother hypothesis may explain the evolution of this reproductive phenomenon.
What is menopause?
This outcome is likely if an individual has two copies (SS) of the Sickle Cell gene.
What is death?
Evolutionary degradation, modern workplaces and artificial lighting may all be contributors to the increased prevalence of this condition.
What is myopia?
This immunosuppressant also has the effect of promoting muscle growth and risk-taking.
What is testosterone?
Comparing the 1800s to the 2000s, the average human life span has increased by this many years.
What is 30-35?
These soft spots in the infant human skull allow for rapid brain expansion and compensate for changes in the human pelvis associated with bipedal locomotion.
What are fontanelles?
This African nation, with the capital city Abuja, has the highest incidence of sickle cell disease in the world.
What is Nigeria?
The palmaris longus muscle is absent from around 15% of humans and doesn’t play any role in grip strength. It may have been more important during this activity in our evolutionary history.
What is arboreal locomotion?
Drugs such as paracetamol and ibuprofen may be harmful in the case of some illnesses as they block this adaptive response.
What is fever?
Decreased brain size, high sociability and reduced jaw size are all signs of this phenomenon.
What is domestication syndrome?
!Kung women do this activity with their babies every ~15 minutes.
What is breast-feeding?