Matter Basics
What is matter?
Any characteristic of matter that you can observe without changing the identity of the substance(s)
A change in matter in which the substances that make up the matter change into other substances with different chemical and physical properties
What is a chemical change?
What are the three particles that make up an atom?
The outermost electrons that participate in chemical bonding
What are valence electrons?
Solid, liquid, and gas
The ability or inability of a substance to combine with or change into one or more new substances
What is a chemical property?
A change in the size, shape, form, or state of matter that does not change the matter's identity
What is a physical change?
Pure substances that make up all matter and cannot be broken down into anything simpler (Ex: carbon, iron, strontium, helium, etc.)
What are chemical elements?
A type of chemical bonding that involves two or more atoms sharing valence electrons
What is covalent bonding?
State of matter that has a definite shape, a definite volume, and particles that are locked together that vibrate in place
What is a solid?
Three examples of physical properties
What are mass, density, volume, solubility, melting point, boiling point, shape, size, etc.?
Signs that a chemical change might be occurring
What are change in color, change in odor, and formation of bubbles?
A group of atoms of the same or different elements that are held together by covalent bonding
What is a molecule?
The formula used to determine how many electrons can fit in each energy level of an atom
What is 2(n2)?
State of matter that has indefinite shape, indefinite volume, and particles that move around quickly and freely
What is a gas?
Two examples of chemical properties
What are flammability, ability to rust, etc.?
Cookies baking, a pile of leaves burning, and iron rusting
A group of chemical symbols and numbers that show which elements and how many atoms of each are in a compound
What is a chemical formula?
What is an ion?
State of matter that has indefinite shape, definite volume, and particles that can flow over one another
What is a liquid?
Two physical properties that can be used to identify an unknown substance
What are melting point and density?
Water boiling, sugar dissolving in water, an ice cube melting, and a wall being painted
A molecule with a partial positive end and a partial negative end formed by unequal sharing of electrons
What is a polar molecule?
The formula used to calculate an ion's charge
What is "# of protons - new # of electrons"?