Tudors
Henry VII & Henry VIII
VII = Ended War of Roses
VIII = Started the Anglican Church
The Gauls and the Gallic Wars
Gauls - Warring and disunified tribes
58 - 50BC
Charlemagne's methods of conversion
"Baptism or Death"
Bribery with a fine white tunic
Treaty of Verdun
Aug 843 AD, ended the Civil War
Lothair I - Central (Italy)
Louis II - Eastern (Germ + HRE)
Charlies II - Western (West Francia - France)
Huguenots and the Edict of Nantes
Protestant or French Calvinist
Nantes - 1598, written by Henry IV.
Protected the Huguenots and the Catholics, all his people. Able to practice their religion and hold office
Columbus, de Gama, and Cabot
Columbus - New World in 1492
de Gama - All-water route to India, around Africa and the Cape of Good Horn
Cabot - Found Newfoundland and Cape Breton Island, Canada.
Clovis and Clotilda
Clovis - United the Franks in Gaul
Clotilda - Converted Clovis
Pepin and Childeric III
P - Carolingian King
Childeric III - Merovingian, last of the Do-Nothing Kings
Siege of Paris and the Siege of Orleans
885 - 886 AD. Siegfried took 700 lbs of silver to sail past Paris and take Burgundy
Orleans - lasted for 8 days (April 29, 1429) and freed by Joan
Coligny, the Swiss, and the Ambulance Corps
Coligny - Leader of the Huguenots
Swiss - lawless until they were under Coligny's command
Ambulance Corps - created by Coligny, saved injured men from the battlefield
The Renaissance and Martin Luther
Rebirth (1490 - 1520), Europe had previously rejected Greek culture, spread because of the printing press.
October 1517 - Published 95 Theses. It condemned the selling of indulgences, started the Lutheran Church and the Protestant Reformation
Vercingetorix and Attila the Hun
V - Gallic king and Chief of the Arverni Tribe
Hun - Scourge of God
Patrician of Rome, who invaded Italy and how many times were they defeated?
Patrician - Noble Citizen - Pepin
Lombards, defeated 2x by Pepin
Siege of Chartres and the Treaty of Saint-Clair-sur-Epte
Siege - 911AD Rollo, Northmen, lost the siege.
Treaty - Created the Duchy of Normandy, Rollo became a christian vassal for Charles IV
Catherine de Medici and St. Bartholomew's Day Massacre
Medici - Regent and co planned the massacre with Henry, Guise
Massacre - Aug 23, 1572 20,000 Huguenots were killed by Henry Guise's men
Edward VI, Mary I, Mary (Queen of Scots), and Elizabeth I
VI - Book of common prayer
Mary I - Bloody Mary, Catholic England
Queen of Scots - Accused of committing treason against Elizabeth I
Elizabeth I - Virgin Queen
St. Denis and St. Genevieve
St. Denis - 1st missionary and Martyr in Gaul
St. Genevieve - Saved Paris from Atilla
Field of May & Emperor's Eyes
May - One of two meetings that occur throughout the year where Charlemagne, chiefs, and people meet to discuss the affairs of the nation.
Eyes - chiefs who would travel throughout the kingdom, making sure that there was peace and that the officers/chiefs were being just
Third and Seventh Crusade
3rd: 1189 - 1192 AD: Richard Coeur de Leon, Philip II of France, and Emperor Frederick Barbarossa led the Third Crusade. Richard received all of the glory and honor. Philips plan = Failed
7th: Led by Louis IX (1248 - 1245). Besieged and lost to the Saracens, held for ransom. Many martyred
Three Henrys of the War
Henry III - 1st, Killed Henry Duke of Guise
Henry, Duke of Guise - 2nd, Leader of the Catholic League
Henry of Navarre - 3rd, Good king Henry or Henry the Great
Guilds, Blue Coat School, and The Invisible Armada
Guilds - Associations in cities that made laws for those who worked at home.
BCS - Christ’s Hospital in London is the most prominent boys school
Armada - The Spanish fleet formed a wide crescent, seven miles across. The English's smaller ships outmaneuvered the Spanish ships.
Commentary de Bello Gallico and Cactus Legis Salicae
Salicae - Written code by Clovis I
Alcuin and the Carolingian Renaissance
A - scholar for Charlemagne
Renaissance - a cultural revival in the Carolingian Empire created by Charlemagne. It focused on classical learning, the arts, and education, with a strong emphasis on religious reform and the preservation of knowledge
Edward III, Philippa, Eustace de Saint Pierre
Edward III - Started hundred year War (1337 - 1453) and sieged Calais.
Eustace de Saint Pierre - one of the six heroes of Calais
Philippa - saved the six heroes of Calais.
Philip II and the Salic law
Philip II - desired to take over France, used the Catholic League and his daughter to do so.
Salic law - Heirs must be passed through the Fathers line.
Francis Drake, Walter Raleigh, and Martin Frobisher
Drake - 2nd man to circumnavigate the globe
Raleigh - Discovered North Carolina, named it Virginia.
Frobisher - Led three expeditions to Labrador and Greenland
Battle of Gergovia and Battle of Alesia
Gergovia - Gauls won
Alesia - Two lines of circumvallation. Lost to Caesar
Roland and the Song of Roland
R - nephew of Charlemagne
Song - 12th century Epic (oldest surviving epic in France
John Lackland, Louis IX, and Jeanne D'arc
Lackland - Refused Philip's summons lost Anjou, Normandy, and Aquitaine
Louis IX - Louis the Saint
Arc - Sent by God to save Orleans and bring Charles to Rheims
French Wars of Religion & Wars of Three Henrys
Religion: 1562 - 1598 Henry: 1585 - 1589
Edmund Spencer, Christopher Marlowe, Ben Johnson, and Shakespeare
Spencer - Wrote the Faerie Queen (Epic)
Marlow - Created Iambic Pentameter
Johnson - Created Masques
Shakespeare - Wrote 38 plays and 154 sonnets.
Battle of Soissons and Battle of Tolbiac
Soissons - Clovis beat Syagrius' forces (Roman state)
Tolbiac - Clovis concerted mid-battle allowing him to unite the Franks
How and who became the Holy Roman Emperor?
800AD - Charlemagne was crowned HRE during a Papal mass in Rome
Battle of Senlac/Hastings and Pierre Bayard
Senlac - October 14, 1066. William beat Harold and took over England
Bayard - The Perfect Knight
Day of Barricades & Edict of Union
Day of Barricades - May 12, 1588 - Parisians barricaded the city in outrage over Henry III banning Henry, Duke of Guise from entering it.
Edict of Union - Made Guise the Lieutenant General