Ecosystems
What are herbivores, carnivores and omnivores?
Herbivores: animals that eat plants
Carnivores: animals that eat other animals
Omnivores: organisms that eat both, plants and meat
What are vertebrates and invertebrates?
Vertebrates - animals with a backbone (mammals, fish, birds etc.)
Invertebrates - animals without a backbone (mollusks, echinoderms, worms)
What are the levels of biological organization?
cell —> tissue —> organ —> organ system —> organism
1. Transports water upward
2. Transports food
1. Xylem
2. Phloem
What are the organic compounds?
Always contains carbon
What are the producers?
Organisms that make their own food
What is Fungi? What are the characteristics (unicellular or multicellular, autotrophs or heterotrophs, etc.)
Kingdom of fungi (mushrooms). Multicellular, heterotrophs, cell wall made of chitin.
What is a cell?
smallest unit of life
Protective structure at the tip of the root
Root cap
What are the functions of carbohydrates, proteins and lipids?
Carbs provide quick energy,
proteins build muscles, provide immunity, growth and repair
Lipids are for energy storage
What are biotic factors?
Living parts of an ecosystem
What is Animalia?
What are the characteristics (unicellular or multicellular, autotrophs or heterotrophs, etc.)?
Multicellular consumers/heterotrophs/can move
Organelle which controls cell activities
Nucleus
Tissue responsible for plant growth in thickness
Cambium
What is the difference between primary and secondary successions?
Primary succession begins in an area with no soil, while secondary succession occurs in an area where soil is already present after a disturbance.
What are abiotic factors?
Non-living parts of an ecosystem
What is Plantae?
What are the characteristics (unicellular or multicellular, autotrophs or heterotrophs, etc.)?
Kingdom of plants
Multicellular autotrophs /producers/ photosynthesis
Found only in plant cells
Chloroplasts, larger vacuole, cell wall
Tiny openings in leaves used for gas exchange
Stomata
What are the cohesion and adhesion?
Cohesion is the attraction between molecules of the same substance, such as water molecules sticking to each other.
Adhesion is the attraction between molecules of different substances, such as water sticking to the walls of a plant’s xylem.
What is the difference between food chain and food web?
A food chain shows a single, simple pathway of energy transfer from one organism to another, while a food web shows many interconnected food chains, representing multiple feeding relationships within an ecosystem.
What are the 5 kingdoms we learned?
Eubacteria, Plantae, Animalia, Fungi,Protista
What is the functions of the ribosome?
Produces proteins
Cells that open and close the stomata
Guard cells
What are the macro-elements and micro-elements? provide examples for each
Macro-elements are chemical elements that organisms need in large amounts (e.g., carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, calcium).
Micro-elements are chemical elements needed in very small amounts (e.g., iron, zinc, copper).