Waves/ Electromagnetic Radiation
What are the colors of the visible light spectrum and what causes those different colors? Give one class example.
The colors are red, orange, yellow, green, blue, indigo, and violet (the colors of the rainbow). The cause of these different colors is the particles that are reflected, absorbed, and transmitted through materials that are only one of those colors like the visible light experiment in class. The sheets of different colors allowed one of the colors to be transmitted through, but the others got absorbed. Visible light is white when all of the colors are intertwined together!
In the video, what helped us learn more about the Sun?
Helioseismology is the study of sound waves on the Sun. This study allows us to learn more about the Sun and its structure.
What is the relationship of seasonal change to Earth’s axis tilt?
The tilt affects the angle of the Sun's rays hitting Earth's surface, which causes seasons. This is because the more direct the angle of the Sun's rays is, the hotter the Earth's surface gets. The tilt also allows longer days which allows more daylight on Earth.
What is the difference between mass and weight?
Mass: The amount of matter in an object
Weight: A measure of the gravitational force put on an object
What is the definition of mass?
the amount of matter in an object
What is the difference between electromagnetic and mechanical waves? What are their parts?
Electromagnetic: don't require a medium to travel and travel faster, only transverse waves, (light waves), RADAR, visible light
Mechanical: need some matter/medium to travel, and some types are longitudinal, transverse, or surface, SONAR, seismic, and sound
Parts: trough, crest, wavelength, amplitude, frequency, compression, rarefaction, wave speed, direction
How far away and how hot is the Sun? What are the effects of this?
The Sun is 93 million miles away from Earth and the core is 27 million degrees Fahrenheit (15 million degrees Celsius). This allows life to grow on Earth and to allow Earth to have light and heat. This can also effect our power grid and communications because of the Sun's CMEs and solar storms.
What are the effects of Earth’s rotation and revolution in our daily lives?
Earth's rotation causes day/night, and the orbiting the Sun causes years on Earth. The Earth taking longer to rotate in different areas affects time zones. The revolving around the Earth causes the angle of the Sun (where the Sun is in the sky) and daylight hours too.
What are the factors that determine the pull of gravity between two objects?
1. The mass of the objects
2. The distance between the two
What is the definition of weight?
A measure of the gravitational force put on an object.
How is EME (electromagnetic energy) transmitted, and how is it reflected and absorbed to allow us to see colors?
EME energy does not need a medium to be transmitted/to travel from place to place (this allows it to move much faster). Is transverse (perpendicular to the medium). Reflected: light bounces off the object. Absorbed: When an object is not opaque to see the light through the medium.
In the video, why does the Sun have sunspots and what is under the sunspots?
The Sun has sunspots because, over 11 years (the 11-year solar cycle), there is an increase and decrease in sunspots and the solar maximum (the "finale" of the solar cycle) generates the most sunspots. Under sunspots are strong magnetic fields.
Why do we see the different phases/shapes of the moon? Are the size and mass of the moon changing?
No, they are not changing because the Sun's light is always moving causing the different shapes/phases of the moon. There is no such thing as moonlight because the light from the Sun is reflected to show the glow of the Sun. The moon also revolves around the Earth causing its different positions in the sky.
What is weightlessness and when will we feel it?
Weightlessness is when we experience an absence of gravity when we are high enough in the air. An example is when you are in a rocketship in space. There is an absence or less gravity in space.
What is a revolution?
The movement of an object around another object; a complete orbit
Why does infrared light heats things more than other types of EME and what class experiment we read about in class showed that?
The reason infrared heats things more than visible light is related to its frequency. When infrared hits the molecules that make up many substances, it is often the right frequency to be absorbed by the molecules. This increase in the molecules allows them to heat up and move much faster, which heats the substance. The class experiment was like Herschel's experiment with the glass prisms.
In the video, what are two examples of impacts that CMEs had on Earth?
1859: Two CMEs hit Earth causing a sighting of an aurora/northern lights, but also a loss of power (telegraphs)
1989: In Quebec, Canada, power stations lost total power and communications due to a huge electrical surge
What causes tides and why do we simultaneously have high tides on opposite sides of the world? Why do we have extremes in tides (spring tides) and why do we sometimes there isn’t much difference between high and low tides (neap tides)?
-The moon and the Sun's gravitational pull and the rotation of the Earth. The moon and Sun stretch the Earth out into a couple of bulges causing these high tides and low tides (one under the moon and one on the other side of the Earth).- The side opposite from the moon causes a high tide because when the Earth is getting pulled one way some ocean is left behind. Spring tides: when the Sun and moon are parallel. Neap tides: when the Sun and moon are perpendicular
How has the model of the solar system changed and impacted scientists like Aristarchus, Copernicus, and Galileo?
The model made by Copernicus supported evidence that our solar system is heliocentric (the Sun is at the center). All of these astronomers and scientists built upon each other's argument to prove that the solar system is heliocentric.
What is a rotation?
The spinning of Earth on its axis
What are the differences and similarities between the types of electromagnetic waves and energy?
There are three types of electromagnetic waves from the Sun (ultraviolet, infrared, and visible) and they are reflected and absorbed through the Earth's atmosphere allowing us to be safe from harmful radiation. The energy is what gets traveled by the waves. The energy we use today in many different devices. The energy and waves work together.
In the video, how do those sunspot areas form and why does that contribute to CMEs?
They are formed from the magnetic fields within the Sun's convection zone in the solar maximum. This is the "birth" place for CMEs and solar flares because when the magnetic loops and lines cross, there is a tiny explosion that sends charged particles into space.
What are the phases of the moon in order?
New moon, waxing crescent, first quarter, waxing gibbous, full moon, waxing gibbous, third quarter, and waxing crescent
What is the relationship between gravity and velocity in determining orbital motion and projectile motion?
When you throw a ball, gravity causes it to fall straight to the ground because it is going too slow. This is called Projectile Motion because interia keeps the object moving until gravity can overcome it to make it fall to the ground. Orbital Motion is when an object goes fast enough that it keeps going in the same direction before gravity pulls the object back in. This shows that the perfect amount of velocity to put our planets into orbit so then gravity can pull our planets back in.
What is the difference between a lunar and solar eclipse?
Lunar: The moon gets darker
Solar: the sun gets darker