Natural and Artificial Selection
What is the difference between natural selection and artificial selection?
A. Human intervention happens with artificial selection.
B. Human intervention happens with natural selection.
C. Natural selection enables organisms to attract more suitable mates.
D. Artificial selection is only used to genetically modify food.
A. Human intervention happens with artificial selection.
Why did Robert Hooke name the cell a cell?
A. He thought that they looked like jail cells.
B. He could only see it with one part of his microscope.
C. A cell contains many smaller things, and he wanted to convey that idea.
D. Seeing one reminded him of the rooms in which monks lived
D. Seeing one reminded him of the rooms in which monks lived
A place where two tectonic plates move toward each other and collide.
A. Continental Drift
B. Plate tectonics
C. Divergent boundary
D. Convergent boundary
D. Convergent boundary
What trophic level has the most energy?
A. Tertiary consumer
B. Primary consumer
C. Producer
D. Secondary consumer
C. Producer
Things that humans do.
A. Pollution
B. Artificial reefs
C. Human activity
D. Watersheds
C. Human activity
Greyhounds are dogs with long, powerful legs and slim bodies that make them very fast runners. Which of the following best describes how humans were able to engineer this breed of dog?
A. For many generations, these dogs were allowed to run freely in large, open fields.
B. Dogs that were slower than others were given exercise and trained to run fast.
C. Over many years, all the dogs were fed diets high in protein and vitamins.
D. In every generation, only those dogs with the desired traits were allowed to reproduce.
D. In every generation, only those dogs with the desired traits were allowed to reproduce.
A horse’s lung is a collection of tissues that assist with the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the body. The lung is an example of–
A. an organ that is part of a tissue.
B. a group of cells that make up an organ system.
C. an organ that is part of an organ system.
D. a tissue that makes up an organ.
C. an organ that is part of an organ system.
The theory that continents were once connected but have drifted apart.
A. Continental Drift
B. Plate tectonics
C. Divergent boundary
D. Convergent boundary
A. Continental Drift
Which food chain correctly shows how energy flows through organisms?
A. Oat grass ← Sun ← Human ← Cattle
B. Human ← Oat grass ← Cattle ← Sun
C. Sun ← Oat grass ← Cattle ← Human
D. Sun → Oat grass → Cattle → Human
D. Sun → Oat grass → Cattle → Human
Which of the following statements describes one of the major ways that humans depend on marine plants and algae?
A. Production of oxygen
B. Regulation of ocean temperatures
C. Increasing atmospheric carbon dioxide levels
D. Maintaining the concentration of salt
A. Production of oxygen
Beavers build dams by knocking over trees and stopping the water flow of a river, creating a dam, under which they live and reproduce. Which of the following choices explains why this trait has been naturally selected in a population of beavers?
A. Building a pond keeps young beavers entertained.
B. The pond allows beavers to protect themselves more effectively from predators.
C. Dam-building skills are more often observed in beavers that are fully grown.
D. Areas with beaver dams attract anglers because they provide shade for game fish.
B. The pond allows beavers to protect themselves more effectively from predators.
Which of the following lists the organizational hierarchy in order from most to least complex?
A. Organism, organ system, tissue, organ, cell
B. Cell, tissue, organ, organ system, organism
C. Organism, organ system, organ, tissue, cell
D. Cell, organ, tissue, organ system, organism
C. Organism, organ system, organ, tissue, cell
The theory that the crust is divided into large pieces called tectonic plates that slowly move on top of the mantle.
A. Continental Drift
B. Plate tectonics
C. Divergent boundary
D. Convergent boundary
B. Plate tectonics
How are nutrients returned back to the soil in a biosphere?
A. Nutrients are brought in by outside organisms and deposited in the biosphere.
B. Nutrients are recycled from decaying organic matter by decomposers.
C. Nutrients are absorbed through the air.
D. Nutrients are recycled from human trash.
B. Nutrients are recycled from decaying organic matter by decomposers.
Taking more fish out of an ecosystem than can be replaced by the reproductive rates of the remaining populations.
A. Overfishing
B. Stealing
C. Overpopulating
D. Phishing
A. Overfishing
Genes are DNA fragments that produce traits. The traits that help an organism adapt to changes in its environment–
A. are less likely to appear in the organism’s offspring.
B. are rarely inherited from the generation above.
C. are usually related to the animal’s ability to hunt effectively.
D. are more likely to be passed down to the next generation.
D. are more likely to be passed down to the next generation.
A dog’s leg is composed of muscle tissue that is attached to bones. This allows for movement. Which of the following best describes two levels of organization of animal muscle tissue?
A. Animal muscle tissues combine to make up muscle cells.
B. Animal muscle tissue is composed of organs that have combined.
C. The muscular system combines to form organs.
D. Muscular tissues combine to form muscles, which are the organs of the muscular system.
D. Muscular tissues combine to form muscles, which are the organs of the muscular system.
Which of the following provides evidence that the continents on tectonic plates have moved away from each other in the past?
A. The compositions and thicknesses of rock layers vary at different depths.
B. The frequency of volcanic activity is higher at the edges of tectonic plates.
C. Ocean currents can be disrupted near the boundaries between tectonic plates.
D. Fossils of the same plants and animals are found on widely separated continents.
D. Fossils of the same plants and animals are found on widely separated continents.
What do the arrows in a food chain or food web indicate?
A. The direction of energy flow from least complex to most complex
B. Which organism consumes which in the food web
C. The order of available energy in the food web
D. The order of energy flow from most complex to least complex
A. The direction of energy flow from least complex to most complex
The commercial fishing industry uses large nets to capture fish. Often, these nets catch many species of organisms that are not used by humans. This is called bycatch. What change could lessen the negative effect of this practice of the commercial fishing industry?
A. Exploring new and uncharted areas of the ocean where the nets can be used
B. Decreasing the size of the nets but using more of them
C. Designing nets that release unwanted species without harming them
D. Using the nets in deeper regions of the ocean where different organisms live
C. Designing nets that release unwanted species without harming them
Millions of years ago, woolly mammoths roamed Earth. Traits that helped woolly mammoths cope with cold environments included a layer of thick, coarse hair on their bodies. Today’s Asian elephants, which evolved from woolly mammoths, live in hotter environments. The gene producing the trait of thick, coarse hair was not naturally selected because–
A. it was scraped off on nearby trees during migration.
B. other species of elephants had the gene for thick, coarse hair.
C. it did not give elephants living in hot environments a survival advantage.
D. Asian elephants did not choose mates with coarse, thick hair.
C. it did not give elephants living in hot environments a survival advantage.
How do the cells within the same organism carry out different specialized functions within the same organism?
A. The organs combine to form different kinds of cells.
B. They differentiate to perform different functions.
C. They originate in different parts of the organism, such as stems or leaves.
D. They do not; every cell within an organism has the same function.
B. They differentiate to perform different functions.
Hot spots are a type of landform caused by plate tectonics. Which of the following correctly identifies how hot spots are formed?
A. Hot spots are formed on land when magma escapes from the crust, and the plate moves over time, causing a chain of new land formations.
B. Hot spots are formed when a volcano erupts on land.
C. Hot spots are formed when a volcano erupts in the ocean.
D. Hot spots are formed in the ocean when magma escapes from the crust, and the plate moves over time, causing a chain of new land formations.
D. Hot spots are formed in the ocean when magma escapes from the crust, and the plate moves over time, causing a chain of new land formations.
How does the shape of the energy pyramid relate to the energy flow within the ecosystem?
A. A smaller amount of energy from one trophic level is available to organisms at the next level.
B. A smaller amount of energy is available to organisms in ocean ecosystems.
C. The same amount of energy is available to organisms at each trophic level.
D. The most energy can be found at the highest trophic level.
A. A smaller amount of energy from one trophic level is available to organisms at the next level.
Why are there laws against fishing for certain types of marine fish?
A. Laws are needed to control the fish populations.
B. People who make their living by fishing need to know where to find the fish.
C. Overfishing can cause certain types of fish to become extinct.
D. The laws are in place to prevent people from polluting the ocean.
C. Overfishing can cause certain types of fish to become extinct.