Chapter 8
chemical reactions by which plants and some other organisms use light energy to convert water and carbon dioxide into oxygen and glucose (sugar)
What is photosynthesis?
all the living and nonliving things in an environment
What is an ecosystem?
anything that has mass and takes up space
What is matter?
the solid part of the earth consisting of soil, minerals, and rocks
What is the geosphere?
the hypothesis that all continents were once joined into a super continent that split apart over millions of years. Continents continue to move around on the earth
What is continental drift?
Cellular respiration converts glucose into a usable form of energy called _________
What is ATP?
A community is several ____________ that live together in an area at the same time.
What are populations?
2 different ways to classify substances
What are elements and compounds?
bacteria, plants, and animals are all part of this Earth system
What is the biosphere?
Squeezing force at a convergent boundary
What is compression?
plants that have seeds contained inside of a cone instead of a flower
What is a gymnosperm?
Parasitism is an example of a ____________ _____________.
What is symbiotic relationship?
a characteristic of matter that you can observe or measure without changing the identity of the matter.
What is a physical property?
mixture of gases that surround Earth
What is the atmosphere?
3 types of evidence for continental drift
What are continent shapes like puzzle pieces, fossil evidence, and geological evidence?
Plants respond to light by growing towards it. This is an example of ____________.
What is stimulus?
A term that describes the geographic area that contains several ecosystems with similar biotic and abiotic factors.
Name at least 4 of these.
What is a biome?
Desert, tundra, forest, grassland, marine, freshwater, and wetlands.
Differentiate between heterogeneous and homogeneous mixtures. Give examples of each.
Heterogeneous mixtures are not evenly mixed, while homogeneous mixtures are evenly mixed. Examples of heterogeneous mixtures are trail mix and gumbo. Examples of homogeneous mixtures are salt water and soda.
the movement of carbon from the nonliving environment into living things and back
What is the carbon cycle?
3 agents of erosion
What are water, ice, and wind?
Compare and contrast asexual reproduction of plants with sexual reproduction of plants.
Both result in a new plant. Asexual reproduction only requires one parent and the new plants will be identical to the parent, but sexual reproduction requires 2 parent plants and the new plant will be a combination of both parents.
What are biotic and abiotic factors? Give examples of each.
Biotic factors are the living things in an ecosystem and abiotics factors are the nonliving things in an ecosystem. Some biotics factors are bacteria, grass, and owls. Abiotics factors include water, temperature, and rocks.
A change in state of matter (solid, liquid, or gas) is an example of a ___________ ________.
What is a physical change?
Name the 4 main layers of the geosphere in order from the center to the surface and identify which 2 layers are involved in the theory of plate tectonics.
What are the inner core, outer core, mantle, and crust. The mantle and crust are involved with the theory of plate tectonics.
Give an example of physical and chemical weathering.
Physical: plants growing into rock and breaking them, animals causing rocks to break, and temperature change
Chemical: acid rain causing a chemical change and breaking down rocks, mminerals in rocks interacting with gases to cause rusting, and softer rocks dissolving in acidic water