Reform Movements
This term refers to the secret network of safe houses, escape routes, and conductors that helped thousands of enslaved people escape north to freedom.
What is the Underground Railroad?
Activists at Seneca Falls intentionally modeled the Declaration of Sentiments after this historic 1776 American document.
What is the Declaration of Independence?
This 1820 legislative compromise maintained the balance of power in the Senate by admitting Maine as a free state and Missouri as a slave state, while drawing an imaginary line to divide future territories.
What is the Missouri Compromise?
The Civil War officially began on April 12, 1861, when Confederate forces opened fire on this federal installation in Charleston Harbor.
What is Fort Sumter?
This plan required 10% of Southern voters to swear an oath of allegiance to the Union before rejoining the United States, even though it was never used.
What is Lincoln's Plan?
Organized by Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Lucretia Mott in 1848, this historic New York gathering is considered the first formal convention dedicated to women's rights.
What is the Seneca Falls Convention?
Issued by Abraham Lincoln after the Battle of Antietam, this executive order declared all enslaved people in states rebelling against the Union to be "forever free."
What is the Emancipation Proclamation?
This 1854 Act allowed territories to use "popular sovereignty" to decide on slavery, repealing the Missouri Compromise line and leading to physical violence between pro-slavery and anti-slavery settlers.
What is the Kansas-Nebraska Act? (Also accept "Bleeding Kansas")
This Union victory in Maryland on September 17, 1862, remains the bloodiest single-day battle in American history, with over 23,000 casualties.
What is the Battle of Antietam?
This plan was extremely lenient on the South and ultimately led its creator to be put on trial for articles of impeachment.
What is Johnson's Plan?
Many mid-19th-century reform movements were deeply connected. Activists frequently supported multiple causes, showing a strong crossover between these two major civil rights campaigns.
What are the Abolitionist Movement and the Women's Rights Movement?
Drafted at the Seneca Falls Convention, this famous document demanded that "...all men and women are created equal".
What is the Declaration of Sentiments?
Prompted by the election of Abraham Lincoln in 1860, this southern state was the very first to officially pass an ordinance of secession to withdraw from the United States.
What is South Carolina?
Fought over three hot summer days in Pennsylvania in July 1863, this battle ended General Robert E. Lee's second invasion of the North and is considered the turning point of the war.
What is the Battle of Gettysburg?
This group of congressmen planned to harshly punish the South and put them under military occupation.
Who were the Radical Republicans?
Driven largely by women and religious leaders, this 19th-century movement sought to protect families by limiting or completely banning the sale and consumption of alcohol.
What is the Temperance Movement?
In this brief but immortal 1863 speech, Abraham Lincoln reminded the nation that it was founded on the proposition that "all men are created equal."
What is the Gettysburg Address?
In this landmark 1857 decision, the Supreme Court ruled that African Americans were not citizens and that Congress had no power to ban slavery in any western territory.
What is the Dred Scott Decision? (Also accept Dred Scott v. Sandford)
This military campaign aimed to destroy not just military targets but civilian infrastructure, crops, and railroads to break the South's will to fight.
What is Sherman's March to the Sea?
This agreement led to the end of the military occupation of South and elected Republican Rutherford B. Hayes as President.
What was the Compromise of 1877?
Born into slavery, this brilliant public speaker escaped to freedom and published the famous anti-slavery newspaper The North Star.
Who was Frederick Douglass?
Newspapers like The North Star and The Liberator helped advance the goals and ideas of this reform movement.
What is the Abolition Movement
Enacted as part of the Compromise of 1850, this highly controversial law enraged anti-slavery Northerners by legally forcing them to assist in the capture and return of escaped enslaved people.
What is the Fugitive Slave Act?
Capturing this city on July 4, 1863, gave the Union complete control of the Mississippi River, successfully cutting the Confederacy in half.
What is the Battle of Vicksburg?
Radical Republicans in Congress opposed President Andrew Johnson's Reconstruction plans because his leniency allowed Southern states to pass these discriminatory and segregation laws designed to restrict the freedom of Black citizens.
What are Black Codes or Jim Crow Laws?