POPULATION
What needs are met by an organism’s surroundings?
FOOD, WATER, SHELTER
What factors limit population growth
Food
Shelter
Weather
Space
What is the study of the natural process that occur in the environment and how humans affect it
Environmental Science
What two materials are needed for photosynthesis to happen?
Carbon Dioxide
Water
Define the water cycle
The continuous process by which water moves from Earth’s surface to the atmosphere and back
What is it called when an area can not support any more organisms?
CARRYING CAPACITY
What is Biodiversity?
The number of different species in an area
What is physical and chemical weathering
Physical- The process such as wetting and drying, thawing and freezing, or shrinking and swelling. It results in rocks breaking down into particles
Chemical- Changes the composition of rocks when water interacts with minerals to create a chemical reaction
What is the product of photosynthesis?
Oxygen
Sugars
Name and describe the processes of the water cycle
Evaporation- the process by which molecules of liquid water absorb energy and change to the gas state
Condensation- The process by which a gas changes into a liquid
Precipitation- Rain, snow, sleet, or hail
What is the difference between biotic and abiotic factors
BIOTIC- LIVING PART OF A ECOSYSTEM
ABIOTIC- NON-LIVING PART OF A ECOSYSTEM
What does it mean to have an ecosystem with a high level of biodiversity and/or low level of biodiversity?
A high level of biodiversity means that there are many species that interact with each other in an area. A low level means that there are less
Name and describe the main types of environmental issues
Renewable resources- naturally replaced in a relatively short time
Nonrenewable resources- Natural resources that are not replaced as they are used
Population Growth- Growth in the population due to improvements in medicine, agriculture, and sanitation
Pollution- Any change to the environment that has a negative effect on living things
What is it called when an organism can create its own food
Producer
What is cellular respiration and what are the raw materials needed and produced?
Respiration- The process by which cells “withdraw” energy from glucose
During respiration, cells break down simple food molecules such as glucose and release the energy they contain.
Glucose+oxygen —>carbon dioxide+Water+energy
What are 4 factors that change populations to change in size
Birth rate- The number of births in a population in a certain amount of time
Death rate- The number of deaths in a population in a certain amount of time
Immigration- Moving into a population
Emigration- Moving out of a population
Name and describe the three forms of symbiotic relationships
Mutualism- A relationship between two species in which both species benefit
Commensalism- A relationship between two species in which one benefits and the other is neither helped nor harmed
Parasitism- A relationship in which one organism lives on or inside another and harms it
What is the term used to describe the series of predictable changes that occur in a community over time
Ecological Succession
What is the main element needed in order for photosynthesis
The sun
Explain the stages of cellular respiration
The first stage takes place in the cytoplasm of the organism’s cells. Glucose is broken down into smaller molecules. There is no oxygen used in this step and only a small amount of energy is produced.
The second stage takes place in the mitochondria. Small molecules are broken down even smaller. This requires oxygen and a great deal of energy is released.
What is an adaptation and give an example of a plant and animal adaptation
The behaviors and physical characteristics of species that allow them to live successfully in their environment.
Name and describe the major interactions among organisms
Competition- The struggle between organisms that live together in an area
Predation- An interaction in which one organism kills and eats another
Symbiosis- A close relationship between species that benefits at least one of the species
Type Air pollution- A change to the atmosphere that has an harmful effect.
Pollutants- Substances including particles, such as ash or gases
Emissions- Particles and gases released into the air from a smokestack or motor vehicle
Describe what happens during the process of photosynthesis?
A producer is an organism that can make its own food. During photosynthesis, the plant starts off with carbon dioxide and water molecules. When it is exposed to sunlight, the plant converts the molecules to oxygen and sugar, including glucose.
Why are photosynthesis and cellular respiration thought of as opposite reactions?
During photosynthesis, carbon dioxide and water are used to produce sugars and oxygen. During respiration, glucose (sugar) and oxygen are used to produce energy and carbon dioxide. Together, these two processes form a cycle that keeps the levels of oxygen and carbon dioxide fairly constant in the atmosphere.