Diversity of Living Things
Diversity of Living Things
Water and Atmosphere
Water and Atmosphere
Water and Atmosphere
100
Which of the following scenarios describes an example of extinction? A.Water pollution kills off all the fish that live in a small pond. B.Every individual in a species of wolf is killed by hunters or lack of food. C.The cutting down of a tree forces a bird to build a new nest in another tree. D.A population of deer must move to a new forest when its original habitat is destroyed by fire.
B. Every individual in a species of wolf is killed by hunters or lack of food.
100
Which of the following identifies the levels of classification in correct order? A. domain, kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, species B. genus, species, domain, kingdom, phylum, class, order, family C. domain, kingdom, genus, species, phylum, class, order, family D. genus, species, phylum, class, order, family, domain, kingdom
A. domain, kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, species
100
Which of the following is the best definition of the word homeostasis? A. external conditions become unstable as inside conditions change B. internal conditions become unstable as outside conditions change C. maintaining stable external conditions when inside conditions change D. maintaining stable internal conditions when outside conditions change
D. maintaining stable internal conditions when outside conditions change
100
One measure of weather includes the maximum distance at which large objects can be seen and identified with the unaided eye. What does this describe? A. visibility B. wind speed C. air pressure D. temperature
A. visibility
100
the change of a gas to a liquid is called.....
condensation
200
What is artificial selection? A. the process by which humans breed organisms for certain characteristics B. the process by which inherited traits in a population change over generations C. the process by which Charles Darwin noted the differences among finches on the Galápagos Islands D. the process in which individuals better adapted to their environment are more likely to survive and reproduce
D. the process in which individuals better adapted to their environment are more likely to survive and reproduce
200
Snakes have traces of leglike structures that are not used for movement. Which of the following could you infer from this evidence? A. Snakes do not have ancestors. B. Snakes are an example of transitional fossils. C. Snakes share a common ancestor with animals that have legs. D. Snakes and animals that have legs are part of the same species.
C. Snakes share a common ancestor with animals that have legs.
200
What is the primary source of energy that generates most ocean waves? A. earthquakes B. the atmosphere C. asteroid impacts D. volcanic eruptions
B. the atmosphere
200
The sun’s energy influences climate in different ways. For example, the latitudes at the equator receive more intense energy from the sun and therefore have warmer temperatures. How does the sun’s energy most directly influence precipitation in an area? A. The sun’s energy drives the water cycle, which determines precipitation. B. The sun’s energy controls the amount of condensation and therefore precipitation. C. The sun’s energy powers the water cycle by causing runoff, which leads to precipitation. D. The sun’s energy creates surface currents in oceans that bring precipitation to different areas.
A. The sun’s energy drives the water cycle, which determines precipitation.
200
After a warm, moist day, the overnight temperature drops. The surface of the Earth cools, and so does air at or near Earth’s surface. What might you expect to see the following morning? A. fog B. a rainstorm C. cumulus clouds D. a cloudless sky
A. fog
300
The following dichotomous key can be used to identify the order of the unknown shark that is pictured. How does the unknown shark differ from sharks in order Heterodontiformes? A. The unknown shark lacks a third eyelid. B. The unknown shark has fins on its back. C. The unknown shark has its mouth behind its eyes. D. The unknown shark does not have spines in its fins.
D. The unknown shark does not have spines in its fins.
300
The diagram below shows a portion of the fossil record in sedimentary rock. Different rock layers and fossils are clearly visible.Which of these statements is true of the fossils and rock layers shown in the diagram? A. Layer B contains the second-oldest fossils. B. Layer A contains the most recently formed fossils. C. The fossils in layer B are older than those in layer D D. The fossils in layer D are the most recently formed.
B. Layer A contains the most recently formed fossils.
300
The following illustration shows four ocean currents. Which ocean current is an example of how a cold-water current affects coastal areas? A. Brazil Current B. East Greenland Current C. South Equatorial Current D. North Equatorial Current
B. East Greenland Current
300
The gases that make up Earth’s atmosphere are commonly referred to as air. Air consists of major gases, trace gases, water, and small particles. What type of substance is air? A. a mixture B. a molecule C. an element D. a compound
A. a mixture
300
The atmosphere exerts a force (pressure) on Earth. Why does the atmosphere exert pressure on Earth? A. because of the pull of Earth’s gravity on air molecules B. because of electromagnetic radiation from outer space C. because of the effect of the ozone layer on solar radiation D. because of the effect of greenhouse gases on heat radiating from Earth
A. because of the pull of Earth’s gravity on air molecules
400
Which of these scenarios is an example of natural selection? A. Farmers crossbreed two types of cows to produce a breed of cow that has high-quality beef and can tolerate a hot climate. B. Giraffes having longer necks survive a dry season by eating leaves from the tops of trees. Those giraffes breed more successfully that year. C. Dogs of the same breed and having a desirable coat color are bred with one another to produce more puppies with that same coat color. D. People kill rattlesnakes that rattle when approached by humans, but people do not kill rattlesnakes that remain silent. The quiet snakes survive and breed
B. Giraffes having longer necks survive a dry season by eating leaves from the tops of trees. Those giraffes breed more successfully that year.
400
Jelal subscribes to a nature magazine. An article about the classification of mammals includes the following table. Mammal 1 Mammal 2 Mammal 3 Height at shoulder 42 cm 62 cm 77 cm Length without tail 68 cm 81 cm 110 cm Weight 22 lb 30 lb 80 lb Scientific name Canis mesomelas Canis latrans Canis lupus Which of the following is a conclusion that Jelal can draw from the table? A. The organisms lack any shared DNA. B. The organisms belong in the same genus. C. The organisms do not have a common ancestor. D. The organisms are members of Domain Archaea.
B. The organisms belong in the same genus.
400
The following diagram shows how warm water and cool water move in the ocean.Which process does the diagram show? A. radiation B. absorption C. conduction D. convection
D. convection
400
Runoff is most like which of the following? A. a puff of steam B. a flowing stream C. a cloud in the sky D. an invisible form of water
B. a flowing stream
400
Which of the following best describes the movement of heat energy in the global ocean? A. Heat energy is transported to the equator from the continents. B. Heat energy in deep currents is transported to the ocean’s surface. C. Heat energy in warm surface currents is transported to areas near Earth’s poles. D. Heat energy is transported from areas of lower temperature to areas of higher temperature.
C. Heat energy in warm surface currents is transported to areas near Earth’s poles.
500
Which of the following is a characteristic of fungi? A. absorb nutrients from the environment B. obtain nutrients by eating other animals C. make nutrients using energy from the sun D. make nutrients using particles in the atmosphere
A. absorb nutrients from the environment
500
The table below shows characteristics of different types of organisms or particles. Number of Cells Type of Reproduction Living or Nonliving A 1 needs host; lytic cycle nonliving B 1 binary fission or conjugation living Which type of organism or particle is described in row B? A. viruses B. bacteria C. ribosomes D. genetic material
B. bacteria
500
Two oceanic plates are pushing against each other. One plate then begins to slide beneath the other. Which type of feature will form as a result of this movement? A. trench B. rift zone C. abyssal plain D. mid-ocean ridge
A. trench
500
Bobbi knows that water in a geyser is warmed by energy from deep within Earth. To investigate this process, she warms 2 L of water from 25 °C to 100 °C. Which property of the water will decrease? A. density B. volume C. kinetic energy D. thermal energy
C. kinetic energy
500
The diagram below represents three processes in the water cycle.Which arrow or arrows represents a change of state from a liquid to a gas caused by the sun’s energy? A. arrow A B. arrow B C. arrow A and arrow B D. arrow B and arrow C
A. arrow A
M
e
n
u