Genetics
What is genetics?
The study of heredity. How information / traits gets passed down
Name two organisms that reproduce asexually.
bacteria, many plants, fungi, animals like coral, and some lizards
What is an advantage of sexual reproduction
it allows for more variation and adaptability in offspring
Some genes can be hidden or covered up by another. These are considered to be-
Recessive
How are traits passed from parent to offspring?
Through genes/DNA during reproduction
Where are genes located?
In the chromosomes within DNA
Scientist Monk who first studied heredity and the passage of traits from one generation to the next?
Discovered patterns of recessive and dominant trait inheritance.
Gregor Mendel
Asexual reproduction produces offspring that are genetically ____________ to the parent.
Identical
What is the punnet square used for?
To determine the outcome of genetic crossings.
Name two traits that could be inherited from a parent?
Examples: hair color, eye color, height, skin color, freckles, etc...
What are the worm like structures of tightly wrapped up DNA that carry genes called?
Chromosomes
What type of organism did Gregor Mendel use to first study heredity?
Pea Plants
If you are studying a population of genetically identical individuals, you can conclude that these individuals reproduce how?
Asexually
A black feathered chicken (BB) is crossed with a black chicken (Bb). What percentage of offspring will be black feathered?
100%
Why does a Punnet Square use capital and lowercase letters?
Capital = Dominant Trait Lower Case = Recessive Trait
Word for inherited traits that children get from their parents come from-
Genes
The physical trait observed in an offspring is known as it's -
Phenotype
For some traits, only one copy of a particular gene is needed to show a given trait. These genes are referred to as-
Dominant
Having dimples is dominant (D). Not having dimples is recessive. (d) Both parents are heterozygous for the dominant trait. What is the probability the children will NOT have dimples ?
25% chancec
How many parents are involved in asexual reproduction?
One
What do we call the genetic make up of the individual coding for a specific trait, represented by a set of letters?
Genotype
How many chromomsomes do humans have?
46 or 23 pair
Mutations, which are changes to an organisms DNA, are caused by...
Random chance in DNA replication
Mutagentic chemicals
Radiation (x-rays, UV, Gamma rays)
Long ears are dominant (E) in rabbits. If one parent is homozygous dominant for the long ear trait and the other homozygours reccessive (e), what is the only possible genotype of the offspring?
Ee
Two dark brown rabbits have four offspring. Three of the offspring are dark and one is white. What does this tell you about the parents' GENOTYPE for fur color?
Dark brown is dominant and white fur is recessive. Both parents are heterozygous.