Definitions 1
different copies or forms of a gene controlling a certain trait
What is allele?
Tom and Kathleen are married with 2 children. One is a girl, Lily, and one is a boy, Will. Tom is colorblind, with a genotype of bb, and so is Lily. Neither Kathleen or Will is colorblind. Using a pedigree or Punnett Square, determine Kathleen's genotype.
Kathleen's genotype is Bb.
How are traits passed from parent to offspring?
Through genes during reproduction
studies the way hereditary information is passed from parent to offspring
What is genetics?
The result of a cross between a homozygous blonde (BB) and a heterozygous blonde (Bb) would result in this phenotype in their offspring.
Blonde
a visual tool for following a trait through generations of a family
What is a pedigree?
Two dark brown rabbits have four offspring. Three of the offspring are dark and one is white. What does this tell you about the parents' genes for fur color?
Dark brown is dominant and white fur is recessive. Both parents are heterozygous.
Why does a Punnet Square use capital and lowercase letters?
Capital = Dominant Trait
Lower Case = Recessive Trait
piece of hereditary information found on chromosomes
What is a gene?
The genotype of a cross between two recessive (tt) short parents.
tt
the genotype for an offspring that is a cross of a homozygous recessive parent and a homozygous dominant parent
What is heterozygous?
Ava is recessive for her blonde hair and blue eyes. She has her whole life planned out. She wants to marry a boy who has brown hair and blue eyes, and have a child with blonde hair and blue eyes. Is this possible? What is the percentage for the child coming out with blonde hair? With blue eyes?
Yes. 50% blonde hair 100% blue eyes
For some traits, only one copy of a particular gene is needed to show a given trait. These genes are referred to as...
dominant
a characteristic that appears in an organism if one of these genes is present (T)
What is dominant?
A cross between a dad recessive for green eyes and a mom heterozygous for brown eyes could possibly result in what genotype? Brown (BB) is dominant to green (bb)
Bb
the inheritance pattern when there is an intermediate phenotype, like when cattle can have medium muscles
What is incomplete dominance?
Long ears are dominant (E) in rabbits. If one parent is homozygous dominant for the long ear trait and the other homozygours reccessive (e), what is the only possible genotype of the offspring?
Ee
The physical trait observed in an offspring is known as it's...
phenotype
trait hidden in an organism unless the dominant trait is not there
What is recessive?
A recessive white flower (pp) crossed with another flower. One of their offspring's genotype was (pp) and another was (Pp). What was the genotype of the other parent?
Pp
the physical structure that a gene is found on
What is a chromosome?
Having dimples is dominant (D). Not having dimples is recessive. (d) Both parents are heterozygous for the dominant trait. What percentage of the children will NOT have dimples?
25%
What do we call the genetic make up of the individual, represented by a set of letters?
Genotype
way to show possible results of a cross
What is Punnett Square?
Red rose (RR) x White rose (rr)
Offspring: Pink rose (Rr)
A pink rose and a white rose are crossed. What are the possible offspring phenotypes and their probability percentage?
Pink rose - 50%
White rose - 50%