DNA & Genes
The study of heredity and how traits are passed from parents to offspring.
What is genetics?
The term for an organism’s physical appearance based on its genes.
What is a phenotype?
A tool used to predict the probability of offspring traits.
What is a Punnett square?
The smallest unit of life.
What is a cell?
The type of cells that make up plants and animals.
What are eukaryotic cells?
The two types of traits that an organism can have.
What are inherited traits and acquired traits?
The term for an organism’s genetic makeup, represented by letters.
What is a genotype?
If a dominant allele (T) and a recessive allele (t) are inherited, the organism’s phenotype will show this trait.
What is the dominant trait?
The genetic material that determines traits.
What is DNA?
The scientist who first discovered cells by looking at cork under a microscope.
Who is Robert Hooke?
The scientist considered the father of genetics for his work with pea plants.
Who is Gregor Mendel?
The type of allele that always shows up when present.
What is a dominant allele?
A cross between two heterozygous (Tt) parents gives this probability of recessive offspring.
What is 25%?
The place inside a cell where DNA is stored.
What is the nucleus?
What is "All cells come from pre-existing cells"?
The three main ideas of the Cell Theory are:
1) All living things are made of cells
2) Cells are the basic unit of life
3) _______________.
The correct order from largest to smallest: cell, chromosome, gene, nucleus.
What is cell → nucleus → chromosome → gene?
If an organism has two identical alleles for a trait, they are called this.
What is homozygous?
If a parent with BB (brown eyes) and a parent with bb (blue eyes) have a child, the probability of the child having brown eyes.
What is 100%?
A trait that is passed from parents to offspring.
What is an inherited trait?
The organelle known as the "powerhouse of the cell."
What is the mitochondrion?
The difference between DNA and genes.
What is "DNA is the entire genetic code, while genes are sections of DNA that code for specific traits"?
A person who inherits one dominant allele and one recessive allele is called this.
What is heterozygous?
If a parent with Aa (heterozygous) mates with a parent with aa (homozygous recessive), the percentage of their offspring that will be heterozygous.
What is 50%?
The process by which cells divide to create two identical daughter cells.
What is mitosis?
The process by which a single cell divides twice to create gametes.
What is meiosis?