Scientific Method
Scientific Skills
Scientific Thinking / Reasoning
Experimental Design
Other tings
100

What is the FIRST step to the scientific method?

Observation - We notice something about the world using our senses 

100
What is Quantitative Data?

Observations that deal with numbers or amounts

100

To make decisions and draw conclusions based on personal feelings, opinions, values, or tastes ... What is it called?

Subjective reasoning 

100

What variable is observed for changes? 

Dependent variable 

Response variable 

100

_______ is the evidence gathered through qualitative or quantitative observation

Data

200

What is the 7th step to the Scientific Method?

Communication !

200

What is Qualitative Data?

Observations that deal with descriptions

200

What is the philosophy that deals with questions about what is morally right and wrong, good and bad, just and unjust. 

Ethics

200

What is the variable that is deliberately changed?

Independent variable 

Manipulated variable

200

List 4 ways scientists can share their findings

Academic Journals ! **

Independent publication 

Present at conferences 

News

Online / Social media 

300

When must you make a hypothesis? Why?

must be made BEFORE any data is collected- otherwise it would not be a true prediction

300

What is inferring?

Inferring is when you explain or interpret the things you observe. 

Inferences are based on logical reasoning and the information you already know. 

Inferences may also be based on assumptions you make about your observations. 

300

What two scientific attitudes need to be balanced?

Open-mindedness and skepticism 

300

What is the goal of experimental design?

To ensure that the experiment is fair, systematic, and capable of providing clear, reliable data.

300

_______ is a statement that describes what scientists expect to happen every time under a particular set of conditions 

A Scientific LAW

400

What is a hypothesis ? 

A hypothesis is a SPECIFIC and TESTABLE statement that predicts what may happen in an experiment. 


400

Explain the difference between an INFERENCE and a PREDICTION 

Inference: Attempt to explain what is happening or has happened (PRESENT and PAST) 

Prediction: Attempt to explain what will happen (FUTURE) 

400

What is objective reasoning?

make decisions and draw conclusions based on available EVIDENCE  

400

What are three ways to improve experimental design ?

increase sample size 

replication 

randomization 

control groups 

control for bias/confounding variables 

Statistics 

400

What is a scientific theory?

A theory explains WHY something happens.

A well tested explanation for a wide range of observations and experimental results

500

What are the 6 steps to the scientific method?

Observation 

Question 

Hypothesis

Experiment 

Analysis 

Conclusion  


500

What is a Scientific Model? Describe their purpose and give an example of one

A tool used to make representations of complex ideas or processes. Models help visualize information that may otherwise he difficult to explain or digest... 

500

What are the three types of bias that can influence a scientific study? Describe each of them

Bias refers to a systematic error or distortion in data collection, analysis, interpretation, or presentation that skews results away from an accurate or objective representation.

Personal bias: ones own likes and dislikes 

Cultural bias: the context in which one grew up

Experimental bias- poor experimental design that makes a particular outcome more likely 

500

What is a controlled experiment ?

What is the benefit of doing one?

An experiment in which only ONE variable is manipulated, while all other variables/conditions remain constant across samples.

This type of experiment allows scientists to isolate what variable is responsible for the results observed.

500

What is Peer review ?

process where other anonymous experts/scientists are able to review a study for possible sources of error like bias, poor data interpretation, and faulty conclusions BEFORE a study is published in an academic journal

M
e
n
u