Cells
What are groups of cells that share a similar function called?
Tissues
What is the purpose of the large intestine?
To reabsorb water and eliminate wastes from the body
What is the difference between arteries and veins?
Arteries bring blood away from the heart, and veins bring blood back to the heart
What is a nerve cell called?
Neuron
What is inheritance?
The process by which an offspring receives genes from its parents
What are the tiny structures inside a cell called, and what is the one that holds the genetic material?
Organelles; Nucleus
What is the purpose of the small intestine?
To absorb nutrients into the bloodstream
What are the roles of red blood cells and white blood cells?
Red blood cells transport oxygen and carbon dioxide; white blood cells help fight off infections
What are endocrine organs called and what type of chemical do they produce?
Glands; Hormones
What is a gene?
A sequence of DNA that contains information on the development of an organism
Mitosis; Cytokinesis
What is the purpose of the stomach and what chemical does it produce?
The stomach uses hydrochloric acid and other enzymes to break down food
What is the purpose of the kidneys?
To filter wastes and toxins from the blood
What is homeostasis?
Maintaining a stable internal environment despite changes in the external environment
What is an allele?
A version of a gene, whether dominant or recessive
Explain the process of photosynthesis
6CO2 + 6H2O + Sunlight = C6H12O6 + 6O2
What is the role of the esophagus and what is the name for its muscle movements?
The esophagus uses peristalsis to move food from the mouth to the stomach
What are the trachea, bronchi, and alveoli?
The trachea is the windpipe that through which air travels from the throat to the lungs; the bronchi are the two branches from the trachea to the lungs; the alveoli are sacs of air that exchange gases in the bloodstream
What is the difference between the somatic nervous system and the autonomic nervous system?
somatic is in charge of voluntary activities of the body while autonomic is in charge of involuntary activities of the body
What is the difference between budding and fragmentation?
Both are forms of asexual reproduction: budding involves an offspring growing off of a parent whereas fragmentation involves an offspring growing out of a broken piece of a parent
What are the three principles of cell theory?
All things are made of cells; Cells are the basic unit of structure and function in all living things; New cells come from existing cells
What is the role of the liver in the digestive system and what chemical does it produce?
The liver produces bile in order to break down fats
What is the order of the circulatory system starting and ending with the lungs? (include all 4 chambers of the heart)
Lungs -> Left Atrium -> Left Ventricle -> Body -> Right Atrium -> Right Ventricle -> Lungs
What are the three parts of the brain and what do they do?
What is the difference between a person's genotype and phenotype?
Genotype is the complete genetic makeup of a person inherited from father and mother; phenotype is the observable characteristics based on allele dominance