Ancient and Medieval Music
True or False: Ancient Greeks preferred instrumental music to vocal music.
False
The Renaissance started with the invention of the _______________ in 1450.
the printing press
_________________were developed in the Middle Ages and Renaissance, and invented (mostly by J.S. Bach) in the Baroque era.
the______________ is a musical piece of 4-5 movements (occasionally 3) for full orchestra
symphony
This type of instrumental music expresses feelings or emotions, but does not tell a story.
absolute music
True or False: Ancient Babylonians had a concept of an octave.
True
The rise of humanism caused Renaissance scholars to rediscover the seven liberal arts valued by the Ancient Greeks and Romans, split into the ___________ and the quadrivium.
trivium
Name two differences between an opera and an oratorio.
Opera: secular, meant to be a performance, uses costumes and scenery, entirely in the vernacular
Oratorio: religious, meant to be a religious reflection replacing operas during Lent and Advent, no costumes or scenery, could be in Latin or in the vernacular
Concerti use the full orchestra. Sonatas are solo pieces.
Te Deum
Name the five chants of the Mass Proper in order.
Kyrie, Gloria, Credo, Sanctus, Agnus Dei
Martin Luther argued that religious authority comes from ____________ ___________.
scripture alone, a.k.a. sola scriptura
Acceptable answers include "the Bible."
What is the difference between a solo concerto and a solo sonata?
A solo concerto is one instrument which plays with the orchestra as support/background. A solo sonata involves one instrument playing by itself, usually without any other instruments.
Enlightenment thinkers believed that music should be 1)__________ 2)________________, and 3)________________
1. universal 2. uncomplicated/not technical 3. pleasing to listen to
Answers may be in any order
This composer composed 26 operas, a Requiem, a string quartet, sacred music, and several songs. He believed that opera was a national style for his country and that composers should cultivate that style. He liked strong emotions and fast action sequences, but did not value plausibility.
Giuseppe Verdi
True or False: Ancient Greeks believed that music should be regulated by the state because it shapes the morals of the people.
True
A __________ is a collection of rhymed translations of psalms in the vernacular, set to newly composed melodies or tunes adapted from chant.
psalter
An ________________ is an introductory orchestral piece preceding an opera (or, now, a musical), originally meant to welcome in the king.
overture
A _________ is a German art song sung in an operatic style, usually composed on the text of a poem and often arranged into "song cycles."
lied
A ______________ is a musical theme associated with a particular character, theme, or idea.
Leitmotif
The oldest theoretical writings on Greek scales, Harmonics and Elements, were written by ______________.
Aristoxenus
Anglican music formed the middle ground between Catholicism and Protestantism by using polyphony in a ____________ (Catholic/Protestant) style and text in _______________ (English/Latin).
Catholic, English.
What is a fugue?
A keyboard solo piece in which multiple voices imitate one another in entrances
In opera buffa, the ________ (male voice part) was usually a comic, servile character; in opera seria, the ____________ was the male villain. The ________ part (female voice part) does not exist in Classical opera.
bass, baritone, alto
_________ ____________ was a French Romantic style of opera that used spoken dialogue instead of recitative and had a lighter subject matter than grand opera and an emphasis on melody.
Opera Comique