Geography
Between which two rivers did Mesopotamia develop?
Tigris and Euphrates Rivers
What major change did farming bring to human societies?
It allowed people to settle in one place and develop communities.
What is the taming of animals for personal use called?
domestication
What type of social structure existed in early civilizations?
A hierarchical social structure with classes or ranks.
What material did early humans first use to create tools?
Stone
Which river was central to the development of Ancient Egypt?
The Nile River
Did farming cause populations to increase or decrease?
Increase
How did the domestication of animals influence the Neolithic lifestyle?
It provided a reliable source of food, labor, and clothing materials.
What are some facets of culture?
Customs, arts, social institutions, food, and beliefs
Name one technological advancement that helped early farmers increase crop production.
The plow
Which city is one of the oldest cities and had a famous wall?
Jericho
What effect did the Neolithic Revolution have on life expectancy?
Life expectancy increased
What were some of the first animals to be domesticated?
Dogs (from wolves), goats and sheep, pigs, cows and oxen
What was one of the primary sources we looked at in a document in class?
Reproduction of a map in Catalhoyuk, Three Sacrificial Altars in Malta, jar from China, flint dagger from Jordan, necklace from France
How did a surplus of food during the Neolithic Revolution contribute to the development of specialized labor?
It allowed people to focus on jobs other than farming, such as artisans, traders, and builders.
How did the Fertile Crescent's location affect early human development?
Its rich soil and water sources made it ideal for farming.
Why was the Neolithic Revolution considered a turning point in history?
Because it marked the shift from hunting and gathering to agriculture.
What was one of the first crops Neolithic people harvested?
Wheat, barley, figs, lentils, rye, millet, rice
List one achievement of early civilizations in art or technology.
How did the development of pottery impact early societies?
It improved food storage and cooking methods.
Çatalhöyük was located in what modern day country?
Turkey
What role did climate change play in the shift from hunting to farming?
Climate changes made certain food sources scarce and large animals died which led to farming.
What was a new danger that came from living and working with animals?
How did social roles differ between men and women in early civilizations?
Men often hunted or fought, while women gathered, cared for children, or farmed.
What was often stored in pots?
Olive oil or water