Scientific Method
What is qualitative data?
Qualitative data is descriptive. These types of data could be about what is visualized or observed and are non-numerical; color, taste, smell, etc.
What is the pH scale?
It is a scale to measure solutions from most acidic to basic.
What is the main purpose of these processes?
To make energy in organisms
What is a cell?
Cells are the basic unit of living organisms.
Other facts: all cells come from other pre-existing cells, all organisms are made up of one or more cells, and all cells contain DNA.
What are checkpoints for in the cell cycle?
To ensure cells are growing and replicating DNA properly during cell division.
"If I use squid, shrimp, and store bought bait to fish, then the shrimp bait will catch the most fish." This statement is an example of, what?
A Hypothesis
Some examples are... Acidic solutions: hydrochloric acid, lemon juice, vinegar, coffee
Neutral: water
Basic: Bleach, hand soap, ammonia, ocean water, alkaline water, blood
What energy molecule do all cells make and use for energy? (Full molecule name required)
Adenosine Triphosphate
What are the functions of the following organelles: cytoskeleton, lysosome, and ribosome?
Cytoskeleton: are protein fibers that provide structure and pathways within the cell, through the cytoplasm
Lysosome: breaks down and gets rid of waste within the cell
Ribosomes: Make proteins
Give an example of how the human body uses negative feedback loops to maintain homeostasis?
For example, the body, when cold, will shiver and blood vessels will constrict. This will help prevent the body's temperature from dropping.
When is C-E-R used and what does it mean?
C-E-R stands for claim, evidence and reasoning and is used in conclusions. First, you claim whether or not your hypothesis correct. Then, you use evidence from your collected data to back up your claim. Finally, you reason why your evidence supports your claim.
What are the two environmental factors that can affect the activity of an enzyme?
pH and temperature
What gives plants its green color?
Chlorophyll
What was the (full) name of the individual who first discovered the cell?
Robert Hooke
What is asexual reproduction?
Asexual reproduction is the process of dividing a single parent cell into two identical daughter cells, therefore, creating two identical offsprings.
You want to test whether or not mosquito repellent actually works. You spray insect repellent on three people and you do not spray three other people. What would be the independent variable, the dependent variable, and what should one of the controlled variables be?
Independent variable: Subjects with and without mosquito repellent
Dependent variable: Number of mosquito bites
Control variable: Time spent collecting data (bites), same location
What is optimal pH?
Optimal pH is dependent on the environment the enzyme is located in. In the blood, enzymes would operate at a 7.45pH whilst an enzyme in the gut would operate best at a 2.5 pH level.
What are the products of photosynthesis?
Oxygen and glucose
Name four differences of how plant and animal cells are different.
What is homeostasis?
The process of maintaining a stable internal environment
What are the six main steps of the Scientific Method?
1. Question
2. Introduction: Purpose and Research
3. Hypothesis (Prediction)
4. Experiment: Materials & Procedure
5. Data Collection/Observations
6. Conclusion
What are enzymes and how would you characterize them?
Enzymes are a catalyst in biochemical reactions. A reaction with an enzyme requires LESS activation energy. Enzymes end in -ase (e.g. lipase, amylase ).
What is the difference between aerobic and anaerobic cellular respiration? What is fermentation and what are the products?
Aerobic respiration is with oxygen and anaerobic is without. Fermentation is an example of anaerobic respiration and the unique products are ATP, carbon dioxide and ethanol (or lactic acid).
How are eukaryotic cells and prokaryotic cells different? Give an example of each.
Eukaryotic cells DO have a nucleus and many membrane bound organelles- plants and animals have this type. Prokaryotic cells DON'T have a nucleus and are very simple in structure- bacteria and archaea.
What is mitosis?
It is the division of body cells, and growth in a multicellular organism.