Terms
What is a Cell?
Basic Unit of structure and function in an organism.
What is Tissue?
A group of similar cells working together (muscle, nerve)
What is Cytosol?
A clear, gel-like fluid in cytoplasm
What is the function of Golgi body?
It receives some proteins from ER, modifies and packages into vesicles
List the 3 points of cell theory.
1) All living things made of one or more cells
2) All cells come from preexisting cells
3) Cells perform the functions of living things
What is a Prokaryotic?
A cell without a nucleus
What is an Organ?
A group of tissues that perform a function (heart, stomach, lung)
What is a Nucleus?
The control center of the cell that has DNA
What is a Vesicle?
A transporter that brings proteins from Golgi to where needed in cell
Explain the difference between active and passive transport
Passive transport: movement of molecules from high concentration to low concentration that does not require energy. Diffusion and osmosis
Active transport: movement of molecules from low concentration to high concentration that requires energy
What is a Eukaryotic?
A cell with a nucleus
What is an Organelle?
Tiny structures that perform special functions inside cells
What is DNA?
A chemical message that makes proteins and regulates processes in a cell
What is a Cytoskeleton?
A network of fibers that support cell structure. Vesicles use as highways
Explain the process of photosynthesis including the light-dependent phase and the light-independent phase.
Light dependent: chlorophyll turns solar energy into chemical energy
Light independent: chemical energy used to make sugar (food)
What does Multicellular mean?
An organism consisting of more than one cell
What is the function of a Cell membrane?
It regulates what goes in and out of cell
What is Endoplasmic reticulum?
It produces and transports proteins throughout the cell
What is the function of Lysosome?
It contains digestive chemicals to break down cell parts and foreign invaders
Explain the process of cellular respiration including anaerobic respiration and aerobic respiration.
Anaerobic: glucose broken into smaller fragments in cytoplasm, producing little energy. No oxygen used
Aerobic: glucose fragments broken in mitochondria to produce much energy. Oxygen used
What does Unicellular mean?
An organism consisting of one cell
What is Cytoplasm?
The area inside the cell
What is the function of a Ribosome:
It assembles proteins using chemical messages from DNA
What are Mitochondria?
powerhouse of cell. Produces energy
Be able to solve diffusion and osmosis questions similar to what we did in the class activity.
Example: At different concentrations, will water and salt move in or out of a cell?
What is the function of Chloroplast?
It absorbs energy from sunlight to produce food
What is the Cell wall?
A rigid layer surrounding cell membrane of plant, bacteria, and fungal cells
What is a Vacuole?
It is a water and nutrient storage sac
What does Selectively permeable mean?
allowing some substances through but keeping others out
Know the chemical formulas for photosynthesis and cellular respiration.
Photosynthesis: CO2 + H2O à(energy) à C6H12O6 + O2
Cellular respiration: C6H12O6 + O2 à CO2 + H2O + energ
What is Concentration gradient?
a difference in concentration of molecules on one side of a cell membrane
What is Diffusion?
movement of molecules from high concentration to low concentration
What is Osmosis?
movement of water molecules from high concentration to low concentration
What is Photosynthesis?
process by which a cell captures energy (sunlight) and uses it to make food
What is Chlorophyll?
pigment in chloroplast that absorbs sunlight
What are Producers?
organism that uses photosynthesis to produce food
What is Glucose?
sugar
What is Cellular respiration?
process by which a cell breaks glucose to get energy