1
2
3
4
5
100
What were "Clovis Points"?
Unique Paleo Period spear points made from flint.
Named after Clovis New Mexico, were the first points were discovered.
Found in various places in the Americas
100
Who was the first Explorer (during the Age of Exploration) to discover what would become known as the Americas? What country were they from?
Christopher Columbus
Spain
100
First discovered by the Spanish when they entered southwest Arkansas, this Native American group were renowned bowmakers of their time.
The Caddo
Excellent farmers of corn, beans, squashes, watermelons, pumpkins, tobacco, and sunflowers.
Friendly people who traded with other tribes and Europeans
100
What was the first permanent settlement in the Americas established by the English? What company was commissioned to start the settlement?
Jamestown
The Virginia Company
100
What was the first English settlement that became known as the "Lost Colony"?
Roanoke
200
What was the Paleo era? What does paleo mean?
The Paleoindian Period refers to a time approximately 12,000 years ago at the end of the last ice age when humans first appeared in the archeological record in North America.
One of the original groups to enter what is now Canada and the United States was the Clovis culture. They encountered and hunted many species of large, now extinct mammals.
They hunted these "megafauna" with spears tipped with stone points. These animals included the mastadon, mammoth, horse, tapir, ground sloth, great bison, giant beaver, giant tortoise, American lion, short-faced bear, and saber-toothed tiger.
200
What is the Bering Land Bridge Theory?
The Bering Land Bridge connected Asia to North America. People from Siberia migrated across the land bridge, following the animals they hunted, into Alaska.
Animals began migrating across the Bering Land Bridge before humans. People came later, following the animals they hunted such as woolly mammoth and steppe bison.
There is some evidence showing people began migrating across the Bering Land Bridge as early as 30,000 years ago. Most historians, however, agree it is more like to have been around 12,000 years ago.
200
How was society organized under the Quapaw tribes?
The family was the basic unit of Quapaw social organization. Groups of families related through the males were joined into clans. Clans were named for animals, heavenly bodies, or natural phenomena like thunder.
200
Primarily living Missouri near the Missouri and Osage River, this group of Native Arkansans fought with the other two main Native groups controlling Arkansas over hunting land.
The Osage
Their strength and skills made them good warriors
Society separated into two distinct groups: The Sky People and the Earth People
200
Who was the first European explorer to cross the Mississippi River into Arkansas and country were they from?
Hernando de Soto, Spain
300
What was the Archaic era?
Ancient prairies change to forest
Temperatures rise
Melting ice from the ice age create new rivers that form the various features of Arkansas.
Smaller game animals begin to replace larger animals (deer, elk, squirrels, rabbits, etc…)
Many ice age animals go extinct.
Hunt smaller game animals
Gathering nuts and berries
(hunter-gatherers)
Traveled shorter distances
Used a “base camp.”
Maximum forest efficiency – wasting little of plant and animals
Traded with other people.
Began to grow sunflower seeds, squash, & barely.
Fished rivers and streams
Fish hooks made from bone with small stones used as weights
300
What explorer is noted for overthrowing the Aztec Empire? What country were they from?
Hernan Cortes
Spain
300
How was society organized under the Osage tribe?
Osage communities were organized into two divisions called the Sky People and the Earth People. According to their traditions, the Sky People were sent down to the surface of the earth where they met the Earth People, whom they joined to form the Osage tribe.
Each division consisted of family groups related through the males, called clans, that organized social events and performed rituals for special occasions.
Each clan had its own location in the village camping circle and appointed representatives to village councils which advised the two village leaders - one representing each tribal division.
300
Who was the leader at Jamestown who proclaimed that "he who does not work, shall not eat"?
Captain John Smith
300
This person brought a major cash crop to Jamestown and is touted as playing a major role in the economic viability of the colony. What was their name and what was the cash crop?
John Rolfe
Tobacco
400
What is the Woodland era?
Lived in villages
Increased agriculture (barely, corn, & squash)
Hunters traveled less often and less distance
Traded with other people
Making and firing clay vessels
Rock art
400
What was "Cahokia"? Where was it located?
Cahokia was the largest and most influential urban settlement of the Mississippian culture, which developed advanced societies across much of what is now the Central and the Southeastern United States,.
directly across the Mississippi River from present-day St. Louis, Missouri.
Population estimates vary greatly, but between 10,000 to 20,000 is a generally accepted number (So is upwards of 40,000)
400
Meaning "downstream people", this group of Native American lived in the Delta region and controlled the eastern portion of Arkansas.
The Quapaw
Friendly and peaceful who traded with the Spanish and the French
Lived villages centered around a main plaza area, sleeping in longhouses with multiple families to a single one at times.
400
What explorer is noted for overthrowing the Inca Empire? What country were they from?
Francisco Pizarro
Spain
400
Who is the explorer credited with masterminding the plan to circumnavigate the globe? What country sponsored him?
Ferdinand Magellan (1480–1521) was a Portuguese explorer who is credited with masterminding the first expedition to circumnavigate the world.
Magellan was sponsored by Spain to travel west across the Atlantic in search of the East Indies.
500
What are some characteristics of the Mississippian era?
Strong thriving communities
Agriculture and trade
Underground storage of food
Used stone axes and hoes to clear fields (also used fire)
Strong leaders or chiefs
Large villages
Europeans arrive
Hernando de Soto may have visited AR
Mississippian culture disappears after the arrival of Europeans
possible cause: disease
Making Salt – Indians in southwest Arkansas boiled salty water to remove salt, used in food and traded with other people.
500
True or False: because they had been persecuted, the Puritans of Massachusetts let people practice any religion freely?
False
500
Where were the 3 most prominent Native American tribes in Arkansas located?
500
In 1620 a group of ______ Separatists left for America aboard the Mayflower. They came to be known as the Pilgrims.
Puritan
500
Which colonies were founded in opposition to Massachusetts’ strict religious rulers?
Connecticut, Rhode Island, New Hampshire