Unit 1: Romans in Brittian
Beowulf
an epic passed on orally by the Saxons
William of Normandy: Who was he related to, what was he promised?
His cousin, St. Edward the Confessor promised him the English throne
Identify: John Lackland, Richard Coeur de Leon, and Simon de Montfort
John Lackland: WORST king of England
Richard Coeur de Leon: Lion-hearted or Heart of a Lion
Simon de Montfort: Led the first Parliament meeting
Identify: Henry IV, Henry V, Henry VI
Henry IV: Usurped from the throne Richard II
Henry V: Spent his reign turning enemies into allies
Henry VI: Lost the Hundred Year War
How do we know what towns were military settlements and colonies?
Towns ending in -Chester = Military Settlement
Towns ending in -Coln = Roman colony
Explain the promise between Harold and William.
Harold would help him become the king of England
Identify Henry II, Henry III, and St. Thomas Becket
Henry II: Killed Thomas Becket
Henry III: Child king
St. Thomas Becket: Became a saint after being martyred by Henry III.
Identify: Edward IV, Edward V
Edward IV: Imprisoned and took the throne from Henry VI
Edward V: One of the Lost Princes
St. Augustine of Canterbury
Brings Christianity to England.
Define: Crusade and Pilgrimage
Pilgrimages: Journeys of faith taken by various Christians to a holy place
Crusades: Expeditions taken by various Christian nations against the Turks who ruled the Holy Land.
Identify: Edward I, Edward II, and Edward III
Edward I: Took over Scotland
Edward II: First king to be deposed
Edward III: Started the Hundred-Yeard War
Identify: Richard III and Joan Arc
Richard III: Duke of Gloucester and uncle to Edward V
Joan Arc: Lifted the Siege of Orleans and won many battles for France
St. Edward the Confessor
Built st. Peter’s Abbey at Westminster
Define the Mora and the Seizin
Seizin: It was customary in Normandy for a man to be granted land and given a twig and a bit of turf to signify that the land was his.
Mora: Duchess Matilda gifted him a ship
Identify: King Arthur and the Quest for the Holy Grail, and the Ideal Man
King Arthur and the Quest for the Holy Grail: Influenced people to go on a crusade to find something for the glory of God.
Ideal Man: The ideal man was a knight; chivalrous, virtuous, kind, generous, and cared for music. Came from King Arthur
Who developed the Printing Press?
Who brought the Printing Press to England?
1436 - Johannes Gutenberg
1477 - William Caxton
Caedmon
Wrote the first recorded poetry in England
Define: Oath of Fealty and Feudalism
Oath of Fealty: Pledge of allegiance made by a vassal to a lord
Feudalism: Social Hierarchy in the middle ages, God is at the top
Identify: Plantagenets and Angevins, Scutage, and Children’s Crusade
Plantagenets and Angevins: Geoffrey of Anjou wore a yellow flower, “Plante-genet” in his cap.
Scutage: A tax created by Henry III to pay for knights, during battle.
Children’s Crusade: children ran away from home to participate in the Crusades
Crispin’s Speech
A speech about the Battle of Agincourt from the Shakespearean play, King Henry V
Why did the Brittains invite the Saxons to stay on the Island of Thanet?
To protect the Britons from the Picts and Scots
Define: Curfew Law, New Forest Law, and the Doomsday Book
Curfew Law: After a certain hour in the evening, every fire should be covered and every light put out.
New Forest Law: Cleared sixty thousand acres for a private hunting ground. If anyone killed deer or boar they would be killed on sight.
Doomsday Book: A record of people and property to know how wealthy the kingdom was and how to portion taxes.
Identify English Pale, Interdict, and the Prince of Wales
English Pale: A portion of Ireland was ruled by England.
Interdict: four years. A stopping of all Church activities
Prince of Wales: English sovereign/ heir to the throne
Two uncles of Henry VI ruled over the countries in his steed.
Duke of Bedford: Ruled France
Duke of Gloucester: Ruled England
Venerable Bede
the first English historian, Ecclesiastical History
Battle of Tenchbrai, who fought who and why?
1106. Henry Beauclerc invaded Normandy to take it from his brother Robert. Won the Battle of Tenchebrai and became the ruler of Normandy, imprisoned for 28 years
Identify: Magna Carta and Stephen Langton
Magna Carta: 1215, the Great Charter. Document based on Henry I’s charter given to the people. This document guarantees Barons and eventually all men their natural rights:
Stephen Langton: The Archbishop of Canterbury called a meeting revealing to the barons and clergy the charter Henry I had made for the people.
War of Roses, what two families fought during the war?
A civil war between two households, Yorks and Lancasters.
Canute
The Danish King
What happened on Dec 25, 1066, and October 14, 1066?
Dec: William was crowned King of England at Westminster Abbey
Oct: Harold and William fought over the English throne, by the end of the day Harold had been slain and William became the conqueror
Identify: Stone of Scone and the Conquest of Wales
Conquest of Wales: 1282
Stone of Scone: the Stone that all of the Scottish kings sat on when crowned.
Identify: King-maker and When did the Hundred Years start and end?
King-maker: Earl Warwick
1337 - 1453
Why did the Romans leave and what good came from them leaving?
Left 410 AD to defend Rome
Left behind roads and how to build them.
Left behind homes and how to build them
Left behind military posts and standards for an army
Who inherited the throne after Henry Beacuclerc?
Princess Matilda, what is she known for?
How did Stephen of Blois and Princess Matilda end their fighting?
1. His nephew, Stephen of Blois
2. Grandson of William the Conqueror
3. Known for fighting Stephen of Blois for her throne.
4. Agreed that Stephen’s heir would be her son, Henry.
Identify: Baron's Oath and the Representative Parlament
Baron's Oath: Promised to go to war against John Lackland after one year if he did not change.
Representative Parliament: 1295 - Admitted farmers and lesser landowners into parliament
Battle of Shrewsbury
1403 - The Percieis rebelled against Henry IV and partnered with Wales and France. Lost the battle against Henry IV
When did the Romans invade Britain and then when did they settle in Britain?
Invaded in 55BC and settled in 44AD
How did Henry I (Beauclerc) make life better for the common people?
Encouraged Anselm, the Archbishop of Canterbury to return and jailed many people who stole the Church's treasures for William Rufus.
Made charters that protected the people. - This would become the foundation of the Magna Carta
Punished coinmakers and purveyors
Identify: Black Plague
1346 - 1353
A serious bacterial infection that causes swollen lymph nodes etc.
Swept over all of Europe killing half the population.
Battle of Agincourt
The French had 6 times as many soldiers as the English, but the English under Henry V won the battle.