Vocabulary
This is the executive power to refuse to approve a law that the legislative branch wants to pass.
What is a veto?
This person, known for their goal of reuniting the country, was elected to the presidency in 1801. As president, he would encourage the U.S. to be an agrarian society, reduce our national debt by $23 million, and establish the U.S. Military Academy in West Point, New York.
Who was Thomas Jefferson?
This person was a veteran of the Revolutionary War and the War of 1812. He was given the nickname "Old Hickory" due to his strength. His first job in politics was as the first congressional representative for Tennessee in 1796.
Who was Andrew Jackson?
This is the name of the idea, created by John O'Sullivan, that the U.S. was destined and called by God to settle land across the continent, from sea to shining sea. Many settlers used this term to justify their move West and to justify the forced relocation of Native tribes.
What is Manifest Destiny?
This is the country the Industrial Revolution started in the 1700s. This country had lots of easy to access coal, making this the most likely reason it started here. When it began, they tried to keep all plans for factories within the country and not share them with other nations.
What is England?
This was the main idea that inspired the utopian society Brook Farm in 1841. It focused on a belief that God is present in all aspects of nature, and an ideal society exists based on human intuition rather than science and logic.
What is transendentalism?
This is the word used to describe a strong feeling of loyalty, devotion, and pride for one's nation.
What is nationalism?
This deal happened early in Jefferson's presidency. He made a deal with the French, requesting their land from New Orleans to Montana, offering $10 million for the area. The purchase would double U.S. territory in 1803.
What was the Louisiana Purchase?
This was a policy created before Jackson was president by JQA, Henry Clay, and John C. Calhoun. This policy described efforts the government would take to support the economy by improving agriculture, commerce, and industry in the 1800s.
What is the American System?
These were two of the primary reasons for traveling on the Oregon Trail.
What is jobs/financial opportunities and religious freedom?
This is one of two effects of industrialization in the U.S. This effect is when a person or group of people are attracted to the U.S. from another country due to a variety of push and pull factors. These factors usually relate to financials or seeking more freedoms.
What is immigration/an immigrant?
This movement was a political reform movement that began in the 1700s. It believed every citizen should be educated and virtuous in order for a country to survive. A similar movement called the Republican Motherhood was founded around the same time, asking for the same education rights for women.
What is Republicanism?
This is a word that is used to describe the process of a society moving from agricultural, handmade goods to using machines to manufacture goods.
What is industrialization?
The War of 1812 was after Jefferson but strongly impacted by him. This treaty would bring about the end of this war, establishing the war as a draw and giving the U.S. and England joint occupation of the Oregon Territory.
What is the Treaty of Ghent.
This is the name of the system Jackson used during his presidency to award his friends and supporters following his win. To do this, he removed people from their jobs in the government to replace them with his supporters.
What is the spoils system?
These are the names of the cities where the Oregon Trail started and ended. The starting point was located in Missouri, and the end point was in Oregon near Portland.
What is Independence, Missouri, and Oregon City?
This invention, created by Eli Whitney in 1793, was used to clean the seeds out of raw cotton. This invention boosted the South's economy from 750,000 tons of cotton to 2.85 million tons of cotton over 20 years.
What is the cotton gin?
This was the name of the first organized temperance society. It was established in May 1840 and was made up of reformed alcoholics who would convince drinkers to give up alcohol by telling stories of the consequences of their own alcoholism.
What is the Washingtonian Temperance Society?
This is an economic transition that happened in the 19th century in Europe and the U.S. It refers to a change to a market-oriented economy where people purchase what they need instead of making it themselves.
What is a market revolution?
This war was partially started due to legislation passed during Jefferson's second term in office. The legislation was known as the Embargo Act of 1807, which halted the U.S.'s importing and exporting of goods to all of Europe. This was very unpopular with merchants and hurt our economy.
This is the phrased used to describe the forced migration of over 100,000 Native Americans following the passing of Jacksons Indian Removal Act in 1830. This event forced Native people to walk over 1,000 miles in winter with little food and clothing. In the end, 4,000 Cherokee people died, nearly 1/4 of their population.
What is the Trail of Tears?
This is the list of states that the U.S won in the Mexican-American War. The U.S. gave $15 million in exchange for this land. (7 answers)
What is California, Nevada, Utah, Arizona, New Mexico, Wyoming, and Colorado?
This is the second of two effects of industrialization. This affects the people in the U.S. themselves, attracting them to abandon rural areas for urban areas in search of better work.
What is urbanization?
This was the name of the public school movement founded by Horace Mann and Henry Barnard. The movement was based on ideas by Thomas Jefferson and aimed to provide a free, public education for all children.
What was the Common Schools Movement?
What is judicial review?
These are the names of the two explorers who were sent by Jefferson to explore the Louisiana Territory. These explorers named their team the Corps of Discovery, eventually finding a French-Canadian fur trader and his wife, Sacagawea, who helped the team navigate relations with the Natives in the areas.
Who were Meriweather Lewis and William Clark?
This is Jackson's most impactful legislation passed during his presidency. This law was passed in 1830 after gold was discovered on Native land in Georgia. The law forcefully relocated five Native groups from the area and areas surrounding Georgia and placed them on reservations in Oklahoma.
What was the Indian Removal Act of 1830?
This group of immigrants made up the largest population of immigrants who came for the California gold rush. They would form Chinatowns as pockets of their culture and legislation would be passed that severely limited their immigration and work opportunities in the U.S.
Who are the Chinese?
This immigrant group from the 1800s came to the U.S. with money and existing connections. Because of this, they were able to make communities for themselves and their own businesses. They didn't have to experience the dangers of factories.
Who are the Germans?
These are the three most important women's suffrage leaders. The first two worked together following an 1840 abolition convention where they were snubbed as speakers. The third worked with one of the previous two to create the National Woman Suffrage Association in 1869.
Who were Lucretia Mott, Elizabeth Cady Stanton, and Susan B. Anthony?
This is a law used to prohibit trade with a particular nation or nations. It can be placed by individual nations or groups of nations.
What is an embargo?
This group of congresspeople consisted of Henry Clay and John C. Calhoun. They were strongly in support of the War of 1812, believing the U.S. should invade Canada and take the land. They believed the war would prove we were strong and officially independent from British influence.
Who were the Warhawks?
This deal between Henry Clay and JQA happened in 1824 but is likely one of the reasons Jackson got elected in 1828. This alleged deal had JQA request Clay's support for president. In return, he would make Clay his Secretary of State.
What was the Corrupt Bargain?
These are the main jobs westward settlers could take. The first required hard labor including caring for crops and cattle. These people usually didn't own their own land. The second would bring manufactured goods to the people in the West, providing things like pots, knives, saws, and clothes. The final group made their fortune in the California gold rush, with over 100,000 of these people arriving in 1849.
What are farmers, traders, and miners?
This group of immigrants from the 1800s came with little to no money. They were pushed from their country due to oppressive British rule and a potato famine that starved the country. Since they had nothing, they were made to work in factories or building railroads, both very dangerous jobs.
Who are the Irish?
These are the two African American abolitionists we learned about. The first was a male escaped slave who was inspired by William Lloyd Garrisons The Liberator to create his own antislavery newspaper called North Star in 1848. The second was a female escaped slave who devoted herself to spreading the word of God and helping slaves escape captivity. She was a leading voice for black women's rights in this era.
Who was Frederick Douglass and Sojourner Truth/Isabella Baumfree?