Pathogens
What are pathogens?
Microorganisms that can cause illness in humans.
What is contamination?
The presence of harmful substances in food
What do bacteria need to grow?
Nutrients, moisture, and the right temperature.
How do viruses spread?
Through contaminated food, water, or surfaces.
What are common types of fungi?
Yeasts, molds, and mushrooms.
Name one type of pathogen
Bacteria, viruses, parasites, or fungi
How can food be contaminated
Through improper handling, contact with sick individuals, or dirty surfaces.
What is FAT TOM?
An acronym for Food, Acidity, Temperature, Time, Oxygen, and Moisture, which are conditions for bacteria growth.
Name a prevention measure for viruses
Proper handwashing and avoiding contact with ready-to-eat food.
What is a toxin?
A harmful substance produced by some molds or fungi.
What do pathogens cause
Illness or foodborne diseases.
Name a symptom of foodborne illness
Diarrhea, vomiting, abdominal cramps, fever, or jaundice.
What is the lag phase?
The initial adjustment period where bacteria stabilize before they start to grow.
What is Hepatitis A ?
A virus that can cause liver disease, often linked to contaminated food or water.
How do you recognize spoiled food?
By off smells, discoloration, or unusual textures.
What are the "Big Six"
Shigella spp., Salmonella Typhi, Nontyphoidal Salmonella, Enterohemorrhagic and shiga toxin E.coli, Hepatitis A, Norovirus.
What is the temperature danger zone?
The temperature range between 41°F and 135°F where bacteria grow rapidly.
How do spores survive?
By forming a resistant state that can endure harsh conditions.
What food is commonly linked to Norovirus?
Ready-to-eat food and shellfish from contaminated water.
What should you do with moldy food?
Throw it out unless it is a type of mold that is safe to eat (like certain cheeses).
Why are pathogens harmful?
They can lead to foodborne illnesses and severe health issues.
What is the Fecal-Oral route?
A method of transmission where pathogens from feces contaminate food or surfaces.
Name a food linked with Salmonella
Poultry, eggs, or dairy products.
How can you prevent virus contamination?
Exclude sick staff, wash hands, and avoid bare-hand contact with food.
: How can fungi affect food safety
spoiling food or producing harmful toxins.