Early Forays
Name 3 hardships faced by Chinese Railroad workers.
Dangerous work environment, harsh weathers, racial discrimination
Were Asians recruited as family groups in the plantation workforce?
No, only Europeans were, this was to prevent the Asians' permanent settlement.
Asian laborers made the greatest impact in what sector?
Agriculture
What was the most common urban occupation for working class Asian immigrants from 1900-1940s?
Domestic Services
Were women paid equally to men in physically laborious jobs in Hawaii (in 1915)?
No, Japaneses women field hands were paid an average of 55 cents per day compared to the 78 cents men recieved.
What did workers do to provide some relief to their hardships during work?
Sing
What is the “boss man”?
Indian job scouter + negotiator
How were the Chinese workers for the railroad treated differently than white workers?
Chinese workers received lower wages than white workers and no free room and board.
What is a haole corporation?
A corporation owned by foreigners, usually used to refer to white-owned corporations.
Name three of the five industries talked about in this section
Mining, Railroads, Lumber (stump clearing), Salmon Canning, Agriculture
Where was the main manufacturing hub in the American West?
SF
What was the "chief duty" of working class women immigrants?
domestic duties in the home
What is the FLU?
Filipino Labor Union
When did the US end Japanese migration from Hawaii?
1907
What led to Chinese workers being introduced in the South?
Sugar plantations needed a new workforce after the emancipation proclamation
What is the luna system?
A way for overseers to enforce the pace quality and quantity of production, under punishing conditions?
Who were the latest group to enter the canneries and therefore advanced through unionization?
Filipinos
What urban business is associated with the Chinese across the country?
Laundry business
What were the occupations of the first women to go to California gold country?
Prostitutes
How long were the workdays on sugar cane plantations?
10-12 hours
What is the Filipino padrone system?
Their contracting system, paying fee for employment
What is the 1862 Coolie Act?
Placed a monthly tax on Chinese workers to protect white laborers from job competition.
What is the HSPA?
The Hawaiian Sugars Planters' Association, a powerful organization of sugarcane plantation owners in Hawaii that operated from 1895 to the late 20th century
Which Asian ethnic group was recruited to break Japanese strikes, and for what reason?
Koreans, Anti-Japan sentiment amidst the wake of the Sino-Japanese war
What resources did Asian small businesses rely on to survive?
Unpaid help of family members and startup capital from credit associations
What is "double duty"
The phenomena that women, most commonly immigrant and working class, had to hold jobs or work in family businesses as well as attending to domestic chores?
What is called kae, tanomoshi, or hui by different ethnic groups?
Rotating savings and credit associations
The largest contractor in California was what?
The Japanese American Industrial Corporation of SF
Who were the first Asian group to settle in the US and where?
Filipinos in St. Malo, Louisiana were the earliest known permanent Asian american settlements.
Which racial group was hired instead of the Japanese in order to break their 1909 plantation strike
Filipinos
What is the Burlingame Treaty of 1868?
US and China agreement that granted China “most-favored-nation” status for trade.
What is proletarianization?
Shift in the economic landscape from skilled workers to unskilled or semi skilled workers who work for a wage.
What are mui tsai?
Young girls from poor families who were sold or transferred to affluent households to work as unpaid domestic servants
Nothing we had heard in Japan prepared us for the _____ life that awaited us.
Spartan
What is the CRPA?
Columbia River Packers Association