Early Villages & Agriculture
Where is Aşıklı Höyük located?
Türkiye.
Name one of the two rivers that surrounded the region known as Mesopotamia.
Tigris or Euphrates.
In which country did the Industrial Revolution begin in the mid-1700s?
Britain/England
What phrase is used to describe the quality of people's everyday lives?
'Standard of living'
What is this a definition of?
'The process by which people move away from urban areas, leading to a decrease in the population of cities and towns.'
De-urbanisation
What is a food surplus?
Food produced beyond what a community immediately needs.
What is a social hierarchy?
A ranking of groups according to power, wealth, or status.
What is this a definition of?
'The process of developing machine-based production of goods.'
Industrialisation
Identify two problems experienced by people living in rapidly growing Victorian industrial cities.
Any two: overcrowded housing, polluted water, poor sanitation, disease, air pollution, or dangerous working conditions.
Which of the following is NOT a common cause of de-urbanisation?
A. Job losses
B. Pollution
C. New factories creating employment
D. A desire for a better quality of life
C. New factories creating employment.
Explain how irrigation helped early farming communities.
It brought water to crops, making farming more reliable and increasing food production, particularly in dry areas.
Explain why priests could hold considerable power in cities such as Uruk.
They controlled religious knowledge, ceremonies, and temples, which gave them influence over beliefs, resources, and important decisions.
What power source made industry more efficient, allowing factories and transport to operate more effectively and supporting greater production: Gas, Water or Steam?
Steam
In Industrialised cities like Manchester, what disease was caused by overcrowding and inadequate sanitation that allowed sewage to contaminate water supplies?
Cholera
Which American city experienced significant de-urbanisation following the decline of its car manufacturing industry?
Detroit.
Archaeologists discover repeated mud-brick houses at an ancient settlement. What might this suggest?
People lived there over a long period, suggesting a settled life.
A Mesopotamian ruler uses scribes to record grain supplies and taxes. Explain how writing could strengthen the ruler's power.
Written records helped administrators track resources, collect taxes, and organise society, increasing the ruler's control.
A landowner encloses farmland, forcing small farmers to leave. Explain how this could contribute to industrialisation.
Displaced farmers might move to towns looking for employment, increasing the workforce available to factories.
A Victorian child works long hours in a dangerous factory instead of attending school.
Explain two ways this might affect their standard of living.
Long hours and dangerous machinery threatened health and safety (1), while missing education reduced opportunities for future employment and advancement (2).
What is the decline of manufacturing industries known as?
Deindustrialisation
Explain how improved farming could lead to both population growth and job specialisation.
Higher yields created food surpluses, supporting more people and allowing some to work in occupations other than farming.
What is the name of the epic story from ancient Mesopotamia that is the world's oldest surviving example of narrative literature?
The Epic of Gilgamesh
Give two reasons why Britain was well placed to industrialise.
Britain had coal and iron for energy and machinery, good transport links, a growing workforce, and banks and investors to finance businesses.
Identify two ways that the Industrial Revolution lowered living standards for some people.
Many working-class families faced low wages, dangerous work, overcrowding, and pollution (any two).
How has the German city of Leipzig attempted to reverse the trend of de-urbanisation?
By attracting new residents and investment.
What were the advantages and disadvantages of the development of permanent farming villages on people's lives?
More reliable food, storage, and cooperation supported larger communities, but farming also brought hard labour, disease risks, crowding, and dependence on crops.
In the "Cursing of Agade", an ancient Sumerian and Akkadian poem, what is the name of the goddess?
Inana
What is this a definition of?
'The decline in manufacturing and heavy industry output, capacity, and employment within a country or region, often accompanied by a shift toward a service-based economy'.
Deindustrialization
Describe THREE ways that the Industrial Revolution improved living standards in Victorian Britain.
Improvements included employment, cheaper goods, transport, and later sanitation reforms. However, early industrialisation brought overcrowding, disease, and exploitation. (Any 3)
What does this describe?
An urban area that integrates digital technology, data, and the internet into its infrastructure and public services to improve efficiency, sustainability, and quality of life.
A smart city.