Acute injuries
Name the injury: a sudden loading (compressive) or torsional movements that force spinal segments beyond normal ROM.
Joint Sprain
what is a sign and/or symptom of postural Abnormalities?
- Muscle imbalances
- Often tight one side / weak contralateral side - - Pain
- Muscle fatigue
- Muscle spasm
- Increase stress/ postural adjustments in spinal segments above and below
how do you manage a postural abnormality?
- Rest and Ice for pain and spasm
- Corrective exercises to prevent degenerative changes
- Stretch Tight Side / Strengthen Weak Side
what is the mechanism of a nerve injury?
Pinched (compressed), stretched, lacerated, sheared
what is the MOI for a spinal strain?
Sudden loading / torsional
movements that cause sudden
contracture / stretching of involved
muscles.
what injury has compression, flexion, extension, rotational forces
Acute Disc Herniation
What is a Lower Thoracic and Lumbar Spine injury most common in young athletes?
Spondylolysis – Pars interarticularis fracture
Spondylolisthesis – Forward slippage (Fx is bilateral)
what is a structured postural abnormality?
- Permanent structural changes in bone
- Usually congenital
- Can also result from chronic mechanical dysfunction leading to degenerative changes in bone or joint
Neuropraxia is a minor nerve injury which means there is what?
No disruption; transient, reversible loss (< 2 weeks recovery)
what is the MOI for a spinal Sprains?
Sudden loading
(compressive) or torsional
movements that force spinal
segments beyond normal
ROM.
what injury involves a sudden loading (compressive) or torsional movements that force spinal segments beyond normal ROM?
Joint Sprain
what is the mechanism of injury for Spondylolysis and/or Spondylolisthesis?
- Congenital
- Forced hyperextension stress injury
(Gymnasts, linemen)
what is a Functional postural abnormality?
- No permanent bony changes
- Correctable, mechanical dysfunction due to many things
what are the phases of Sensory Impairment?
Hyperesthesia (extreme sensitivity to touch, pain, etc.)→ Paresthesia(a burning or prickling sensation) → Anesthesia
what is a Disc Herniation?
Can result from acute trauma
Compression, flexion, extension,
rotational forces
E.g. Twisting and/or extending while
lifting heavy obj. (e.g. rear military press)
A man bent over to pick up a hefty box, instead of trying to get a better angle he decided to lift the box faster and harder. He then had a searing pain shoot through his back.
What is the mechanism of injury?
- Blunt force trauma
- Dynamic Overload
- Overuse
- Repetitive Trauma
Dynamic Overload
What is a Lower Thoracic and Lumbar Spine injury most common in older/adult athletes?
Spondylitis – Facet joint inflammation and pain
Spondylosis – Chronic degeneration of facet joints and disc
What are the requirements of normal posture?
Requires normal joint mobility, and balanced muscular strength and flexibility
what are the phases of Motor Impairment?
None → weakness → total paralysis
The following are signs and symptoms of nerve root compression /
involvement that require immediate referral, except:
Paresthesia or loss of sensation
Muscle weakness
Pain radiating into the thigh and lower leg
Muscle spasm
Change in bowel or bladder function
Muscle spasm
Name two Suspect Neural Involvement (refer immediately) signs.
- Pain radiates into the thighs and extends below the knees
- Experiences any numbness or altered sensation
- Experiences any weakness (hip flexor, leg extension, tripping, drop foot, etc.,)
- Any change in bowel or bladder function
what are 3 signs/symptoms of Spondylitis and Spondylosis?
- central low back pain radiating into buttocks and legs,
- loss of lordotic curve,
- ↑ pain with extension,
- rotation (and flexion),
- symptoms of nerve compression when advanced (Tx: Conservative → Spinal Fusion)
What are the three postural views?
lateral, anterior, and posterior view
what is Complete severance, permanent loss of function distal to injury, and No regeneration after 1 year?
Neurotmesis
What are Signs and Symptoms of Nerve Root Compression?
Pain and discomfort that worsen with compression, rotation and extension to
-The involved side; improves with distraction
-Decreased range of motion
-Muscle spasm
-Tilt away from involved side
-Sensory and motor deficits along the distribution of the compressed nerve root