Sparta vs. Athens
Which city-state focused mainly on military strength and discipline?
Sparta
What empire invaded the Greek city-states during the Persian Wars?
The Persian Empire
Who was the famous philosopher who taught by asking questions?
Socrates
Who was the leader most associated with Athens’ Golden Age?
Pericles
Who conquered the Greek city-states and built a huge empire?
Alexander the Great
Which city-state is known for democracy, philosophy, and the arts?
Athens
What battle did the Greeks win in 490 B.C. against Persia?
Battle of Marathon
Who was Alexander the Great’s teacher?
Aristotle
What large temple was built on the Acropolis to honor Athena?
The Parthenon
What Egyptian city became a famous center of learning?
Alexandria
What group of enslaved workers farmed the land in Sparta?
Helots
What war was fought between Athens and Sparta?
The Peloponnesian War
Who created a method of questioning now called the Socratic Method?
Socrates
What type of play usually ended happily in Greek theater?
Comedy
What term describes the spread of Greek culture after Alexander’s conquests?
Hellenistic Age
What was the name of the council of 30 Spartan rulers placed in Athens after the Peloponnesian War?
The Thirty Tyrants
Why were Athens’ Long Walls important during the Peloponnesian War?
They protected Athens and connected the city to its port so supplies could still arrive.
What mathematician is remembered for the Pythagorean Theorem?
Pythagoras
What famous blind poet wrote the Iliad and the Odyssey?
Homer
What famous female mathematician and teacher lived in Alexandria?
Hypatia
Explain ONE major difference between Spartan and Athenian education.
Sparta trained boys for military life.
Athens focused more on academics, arts, and philosophy.
Explain ONE reason Sparta eventually defeated Athens in the Peloponnesian War.
Athens suffered from plague.
Sparta had stronger military support.
Athens lost ships and allies.
The war weakened Athens over time.
Explain how Greek thinkers influenced the modern world.
democracy
science
medicine
philosophy
mathematics
logic
teaching methods
Explain TWO achievements that happened during the Golden Age of Athens.
growth of democracy
architecture
theater
philosophy
science
literature
art
Explain how Alexander helped spread Greek culture throughout his empire.
built cities
spread Greek language
encouraged trade
blended cultures
spread Greek education/art/science