Psychologists
The theory of evolution
Who is Charles Darwin?
The base of what you do
What is an ethogram?
A procedure in which an existing reflex is in a new context
What is classical conditioning?
The two broad types of learning
What is associative and non-associative?
The reinforcement best to use for when the subject does something correct.
What is positive reinforcemnt?
"The simplest explanation is the best"
Who is Morgan?
Time interval, time of day, behviors, definitions, questions
What is included in an ethogram?
2 CS: one followed by Us and the other is not
What is the discrimination arrangement?
An increase in the target response as a result of the presentation of a stimulus.
What is sensitization?
Reduces the risk of habituation and helps to have a large selection.
What is variety?
The mind is a "blank slate" and we can gain information from the environment.
Who is John Locke?
1) Select the IV.
2) Select the DV.
3) How often will DV be monitored?
4) Describe the structure of behavior.
5) How many categories with operational definitions?
What are the steps of an ethogram?
If animals can use time as a CS, they must have a representation of a US.
What is temporal conditioning?
subject variables, environmental variables, response measures, stimulus variables, controls, and training variables.
What are essentials in studying habituation?
No problems of satiation, not eating allows for more time to train, an effective reinforcer will work so there is no use for a primary reinforcer.
What are the advantages of conditioned reinforcers?
First experiments on human memory; used himself as the subject.
Who is Ebbinghaus?
Describe as it pertains to the environment.
What is behavior?
A reward that was originally neutral that gains the power to reinforce a behavior through its pairing with one or more primary reinforcers
What is a conditioned reinforcer?
statements that outline the occurrence of a stimulus giving a response, but after repeated stimuli there is a decreased response.
What are the Laws of Habituation?
Also known as "successive approximations".
What is shaping?
Established the experimental method and believed that experiments are "controlled observations". Their psychology was limited to the use of introspection.
Who was Titchener?
Choose species, review literature, choose location, observe animals, take notes, analye and summarize.
What is an ethogram design?
A schedule of reinforcement where a certain number of responses must be made after one reinforcer before another response will be reinforced. This produces high response rates and is resistant to extinction.
What is variable ratio?
This type of learning is considered a more fundamental mechanism for behavior modification.
What is non-associative learning?
There is no need for reward/reinforcement for every response (excet punishment and problem solving).
What are misconceptions of reinfocement?