Modeling and More
___________ responses are learned, while ___________ are unlearned.
What are Conditioned and Unconditioned responses?
When an organism demonstrates the conditioned response to stimuli that are similar to the conditioned stimulus.
What is stimulus generalization?
A mental picture of the layout an environment.
What is a Cognitive Map?
This hypothesis is the ideology common in the United States that people get the outcomes they deserve.
What is Just-World Hypothesis?
The capacity to understand another person’s perspective, to feel what he/she feels.
What is Empathy?
Learning which occurs but is not seen in behavior until there is a reason to demonstrate it or some type of incentive.
What is Observational Learning?
The return of a previously extinguished conditioned response following a rest period.
What is Spontaneous Recovery?
Instead of rewarding only the target behavior, we reward successive approximations of a target behavior.
What is Shaping?
A group’s expectation of what is appropriate and acceptable behavior for its members.
What is [Social] Norm?
ohn knows he is not allowed to have friends over when no adults are home. When John's mom leaves for work, John sneaks a couple of his friends over to hang out and play video games. John eventually starts to feel uncomfortable because he knows he is in the wrong. This is an example of ____________________.
What is Cognitive Dissonance?
The process where the observer sees the model punished, making the observer less likely to imitate the model’s behavior.
What is Vicarious Punishment?
The initial period of learning when an organism learns to connect a neutral stimulus and an unconditioned stimulus.
What is Acquisition?
Scolding a student for texting in class can be an example of this type of operant conditioning.
What is Positive Punishment?
The tendency to overemphasize internal factors as explanations/attributions for the behavior of other people and underestimate the power of the situation.
What is the Fundamental Attribution Error?
When group members modify their opinions to match what they believe is the group consensus.
What is Groupthink?
Learning which occurs but is not observable in behavior until there is a reason to demonstrate it or some type of incentive.
What is Latent Learning?
After [classical] conditioning has occured, this behavior is caused by the conditioned stimulus.
What is a Conditioned Response (CR)?
Reinforcers which have inherent reinforcing qualities that do not need to be learned.
What are Primary Reinforcers?
A phenomenon of explaining other people’s behaviors are due to internal factors and our own behaviors are due to situational forces
What is Actor-Observer Bias?
A theory suggesting how people value goals and achievements more when they have put more effort into them.
What is Justification of Effort?
The four steps in the process of modeling in order for learning to be successful.
1. Attention
2. Retention
3. Reproduction
4. Motivation
An established conditioned stimulus is paired with a new neutral stimulus, so eventually the new stimulus also causes the conditioned response, without the initial conditioned stimulus being presented.
What is Higher-Order Conditioning?
When an organism receives a reinforcer each time it displays a behavior.
What is Continuous Reinforcement?
The view that our behavior and actions are determined by our immediate environment and surroundings, group pressure, social norms, and culture.
What is Situationism?
This theory involves how Intimacy (sharing of details and intimate thoughts and emotions), Passion (physical attraction) and Commitment (standing by the person) describes consummate love.
What is [Sternberg's] Triangular Theory of Love?