Technology
The phonautograph
The practice of a white performing putting on blackface makeup and entertaining an audience by mocking African American culture and dialect
Minstrelsy
What is George Washington Dixon credited with
being the first white performer to establish a wide reputation as a blackface performer
the first minstrel star
first important composer of American popular music; He wrote hits such as "Oh Susana" and was one of the first writers to sign a contract guaranteeing him royalties on each copy sold
Stephen Foster
which sound recording machine is the namesake of the Grammy Award
The Gramophone
The Starr Piano vs Victor lawsuit resulted resulted in the patent for [vertical/lateral] records entering the public domain
lateral
what is strophic musical form?
when multiple verses are sang over the same melody; very popular in the European Stream of music
Famous talent scout that sent the likes of Charley Patton and Son House to Paramount Records.
He also discovered famous guitar player Robert Johnson
H.C. Spier
what artist recorded the first race record "Crazy Blues"
Mamie Smith
What piece of legislation guaranteed songwriter royalties, extended copyright to sound recordings and led to the birth of ASCAP
Copyright Act of 1909
This invention allowed listeners to pay 5 cents to hear a low-brow song of their choosing via stethoscope tubes.
nickelodeons
Name of the minstrel character created by Thomas Daddy Rice that specifically mocked "plantation slaves"
Jim Crow
Who was in charge of leading/conducting/producing the Bristol Sessions?
Ralph Peer
what were the two most famous acts recorded at the Bristol Sessions?
Jimmie Rodgers
Carter Family
The result of Starr vs Victor was that everyone could produce lateral records.
This led to the rise of _____________
Indie Record Labels
Who invented the graphophone
Chichester Bell
Charles Sumner Tainter
the term referred to the shape of cylinders (the predecessor to the flat disc) but described recorded music as "fake" because it was not performed live
Who was hired as a talent scout for Victor and is regarded as the the first A&R (artist and repertoire) man
Fred Gaisberg
What what the title of the first ever Jazz record?
“Livery Stable Blues” - Original Dixieland Jazz Band (1917)
The Jazz Singer
name all four sound recording machines in the order in which they were invented
In order to promote the sale of sound recordings, Columbia and Victor focused on marketing and selling __________ music such as European and ballroom dance music
High Brow
(in the early 1900s, sheet music sales were bringing in more money than sound recordings. To change this, Victor and Columbia marketed highbrow sound recordings to wealthy Americans in order to encourage the purchase of records. It worked, wealthy people bought the records, and then the middle class followed suit and so on. Records began outselling sheet music)
What music activist/A&R man worked with Columbia Records to record some of music history's most iconic people such as Benny Goodman, Billie Holiday, Aretha Franklin, Bruce Springsteen and more?
John Hammond
(he is viewed as an activist because viewed music as a tool for protest and helped a lot of Black musicians advance their careers when most A&R men would not even consider helping Black musicians)
Who was the one of the first swing-band leaders to let Black musicians play on his records and perform with him on stage
Benny Goodman
The Great Depression impacted the music industry in what 3 ways
rise of popularity of radio
rise of popularity of film
shellac shortage